Skip to main content
Log in

Effect of isothermal forging on microstructure and fatigue behavior of blended elemental Ti-6Al-4V powder compacts

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of isothermal hot forging (IHF) on microstructure, pore closure, and tensile and fatigue properties of Ti-6A1-4V blended elemental cold pressed and sintered powder compacts was investigated. Two types of sponge fines were used: (a) high chloride produced by the Hunter sodium reduction process (HP) and (b) low chloride produced by the electrolytic process (EP). The as-sintered HP compacts were 99 pct dense while the EP compacts were only 92 pct dense. All sintered preforms were isothermally hot forged below the beta transus temperature and reached almost full density. The microstructure of the HP forged compacts consisted of fine equiaxed alpha, while the EP forged compacts exhibited a coarse lenticular alpha structure after 30 pct reduction and a partially recrystallized structure after 68 pct reduction. It was found that EP compacts forged to a 30 pct reduction exhibited a low fatigue limit of 172 MPa (25 ksi), since the lenticular alpha morphology and the residual porosity resulted in premature fatigue crack initiation. On the other hand, a higher fatigue strength of 485 MPa (70 ksi) was obtained for EP compacts forged to a 78 pct reduction due to the mixed equiaxed/lenticular alpha morphology as well as removal of stress concentration features such as interparticle pore interfaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. F. H. Froes and D. Eylon: Powder Metallurgy International (PMI), 1985, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 163–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys, F. H. Froes and John E. Smugeresky, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  3. L. D. Parsons, J. Bruce, J. Lane, and F. H. Froes:Metal Progress, September 1984, vol. 126, no. 4, pp. 83–94.

    Google Scholar 

  4. R. I. Jaffee: “An Overview on Titanium Development and Application,”Titanium ’80, Science and Technology, H. Kimura and O. Izumi, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1980, pp. 53–74.

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. J. Anderson and P. C. Eloff:Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys, F. H. Froes and John E. Smugeresky, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1980, pp. 175–87.

    Google Scholar 

  6. S. Abkowitz:Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys, F. H. Froes and John.E Smugeresky, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1980, pp. 192–201.

    Google Scholar 

  7. P. R. Smith, C. M. Cooke, A. Patel, and F. H. Froes: 1982 MPIF National Powder Metallurgy Conference Proceedings, published by MPIF/APMI, Princeton, NJ, pp. 339–59.

  8. P. J. Anderson, V. M. Svoyatytsky, F. H. Froes, Y. Mahajan, and D. Eylon:Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, MPIF Publications, 1981, vol. 13, pp. 537–49.

  9. Y. R. Mahajan, D. Eylon, R. J. Bacon, and F. H. Froes:Powder Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys, F. H. Froes and John E. Smugeresky, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1980, pp. 189–202.

    Google Scholar 

  10. W.J. Kroll:Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 1940, vol. 78, p. 35.

    Google Scholar 

  11. M.A. HuntenJournal of the American Chemical Society, 1910, vol. 32, p. 330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Abkowitz, G. J. Kardys, S. Fujishiro, F.H. Froes, and D. Eylon: “Titanium Alloy Shapes from Elemental Blend Powder and Tensile and Fatigue Properties of Low Chloride Compositions,”Titanium Net- Shape Technologies, F.H. Froes and D. Eylon, eds., TMS-AIME Publications, Warrendale, PA, 1985, pp. 107–20.

    Google Scholar 

  13. G.E. Welsch, Y-T. Lee, P.C. Eloff, D. Eylon, and F.H. Froes:Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 761–69.

    Google Scholar 

  14. G. E. Welsch, W. Smarsly, and R. Borath:Powder Metallurgy International, 1982, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 190–94.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D. Eylon, P. R. Smith, S. W. Schwenker, and F. H. Froes: “Status of Titanium Powder Metallurgy,” ASTM STP 830 onIndustrial Applications of Titanium and Zirconium, ASTM Publications, Philadelphia, PA, 1984, pp. 48–65.

    Google Scholar 

  16. G. R. Yoder, L. A. Cooley, and T.W. CrookerAIAA Publications, pp. 132–36.

  17. J. J. Lucas and P. P. Konieczny:Metall. Trans., 1971, vol. 2, p. 911.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S.W. Schwenker, D. Eylon, and F.H. Froes:Metall. Trans. A, in press.

  19. D. Shechtman and D. Eylon:Metall. Trans. A, 1978, vol. 9A, pp. 1018–20.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. D. Eylon:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 311–17.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. I. Weiss, G. E. Welsch, F. H. Froes, and D. Eylon:Titanium, Science and Technology, G. Lutjering, U. Zwicker, and W. Bunk, eds., DGM, Oberursel, West Germany, 1985, vol. 3, pp. 2235–42.

    Google Scholar 

  22. A.G. Jackson, J. Moteff, and F.H. Froes:Metall. Trans. A, 1984, vol. 15A, p. 148.

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. Eylon, F.H. Froes, D. G. Heggie, P.A. Blenkinsop, and R.W. Gardiner:Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 16A, p. 2497.

    Google Scholar 

  24. D.L. Davidson and D. Eylon:Metall. Trans. A, 1980, vol. 11A, pp. 837–43.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. D. Eylon and J. A. Hall:Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, pp. 981–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. S. Abkowitz: Dynamet Technology, Burlington, MA, private communication, 1985.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Weiss, I., Eylon, D., Toaz, M.W. et al. Effect of isothermal forging on microstructure and fatigue behavior of blended elemental Ti-6Al-4V powder compacts. Metall Trans A 17, 549–559 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643962

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02643962

Keywords

Navigation