Abstract
Two different types of retained austenite were encountered in maraging steels: one obtained by the usual overaging/reversion process, and was found to be mechanically unstable at room temperature; the other, obtained in a sequence of isothermal heat treatments leading to the formation of microsegregational content zones of molybdenum and cobalt in the lath-martensite, and was found to be mechanically stable at room temperature (RT). In the unstable case the austenite transformed to martensite upon cold working at RT. In the stable case, as was shown by careful Mössbauer-effect spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction studies, the amount of retained austenite was not affected by the cold-working at RT, whereas some amount of the martensite was transformed into a ferromagnetic-type of austenite. Complementary studies by electron diffraction have shown that both Kordjumov-Sachs and Nishiyama crystallographic orientation relationships may exist between austenite and martensite, depending on the local molybdenum and cobalt segregational contents in the lath martensite. The appearance of ferromagnetic austenite, as well as other segregational effects observed by the Mössbauer-effect spectroscopy are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.D. Antolovich, A. Sexena, and G. R. Chanai:Metall. Trans., 1974, vol. 5, pp. 623–32.
S. Jin, D. Huang, and J.Q. Morris, Jr.:Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7A, pp. 637–45.
C. Servant and G. Cizeron:Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 1969, vol. 66, pp. 531–40.
L. Priester:Rev. Met., 1970, vol. 76, pp. 707–16.
A. Magnee, J. M. Drapier, J. Dumont, D. Coutsouradis, and L. Habraken: “Cobalt-Containing High-Strength Steels”, Centre d’information du Cobalt, Brussels, 1974, pp. 60–61.
(a) H. Marcus, L. H. Schwartz, and M.E. Fine:Trans. ASM, 1966, vol. 59, pp. 468–78 (see Fig. 5). (b) J.M. Genin, G. La Caer, P. Maitrepierre, and B.J. Thomas: Scripta Met., 1974, vol. 8, pp. 15-22.
S. Nadiv and G. Gurewitz: Dept. of Materials Engineering, Technion, Haifa, unpublished results, 1977.
G.K. Wertheim, V. Jaccarino, U.H. Wernick, and D.N. E. Buchanan:Phys. Rev. Letters, 1964, vol. 12, pp. 24–27.
I. Vincze and I. A. Campbell:J. Phys. F.: Metal Phys., 1973, vol. 3, pp. 647–63.
M. J. Dickson:J. Appl. Cryst., 1969, vol. 2, pp. 176–80.
International Tables for X-Ray Crystallography, The Kynoch Press, Birmingham, 1962, vol. 3, p. 285; 1974, vol. 4, pp. 72, 149.
N. Atzmon: D. Sc. Thesis, Technion-Israel Inst. Tech., Haifa (in Hebrew, English Summary), 1977.
K. W. Andrews, D. J. Dyson, and S.R. Keown:Interpretation of Electron Diffraction Patterns, Hilger Ltd., London, 1971, pp. 165–71.
J. P. Thevenin, G. Cizeron, and P. Lacombe:Mem. Sci. Rev. Met., 1971, vol. 68, pp. 75–80.
J.M. Chilton, C.J. Barton, and G. R. Speich:Jnl. Iron & Steel Inst., 1970, vol. 204, pp. 184–93.
P.M. Kelly:Acta Met., 1965, vol. 13, pp. 635–46.
W. S. Owen, F. J. Schoen, and G.R. Srinivasan: inPhase-Transformation, ASM, Metals Park, OH, 1968, chap. 4, p. 172.
G. Galeczki and A.A. Hirsch:Jnl. Magn. & Magn. Mat., 1978, vol. 7, pp. 110–12.
V. I. Goldanski and E. F. Makarov: inChemical Applications of Mössbauer Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1968, chap. 1, p. 77.
C. Zener:Elasticity and Anelasticity of Metals, University of Chicago Press, 1948, p. 16.
A. Markfeld and A. Rosen:Materials Sci. & Eng., 1980, vol. 46, pp. 151–57.
H. Mathias, Y. Katz, and S. Nadiv: “Hydrogenation/gas-release effects in austenitic steels: quantitative studies”, Miami International Symposium on Metal-Hydrogen Systems, April 1981, T. Nejat-Veziroglu, ed., Pergamon Press, 1982, pp. 225-49.
C. E. Johnson, M. S. Ridout, and T. E. Cranshaw:Proc. Phys. Soc, 1963, vol. 81, pp. 1079–90 (see Fig. 3).
T. E. Cranshaw:J. Phys. F.: Metal Phys., 1972, vol. 2, pp. 615–24.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Katz, Y., Mathias, H. & Nadiv, S. The mechanical stability of austenite in maraging steels. Metall Trans A 14, 801–808 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644283
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02644283