Skip to main content
Log in

Studies in the carbothermic reduction of phosphogypsum

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions B Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Phosphogypsum has been reduced in the solid state by active charcoal both in the presence and absence of catalysts. Kinetic data could be fitted to the modified volume reaction model. Mixed catalysts like potassium dichromate were found to enhance the reaction rate quite satisfactorily. This result could be fruitfully employed during reduction with industrial coke also.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. W.E. Ellison and E. Hammer:Power, 1988, vol. 132 (2), pp. 29–33.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. A. May and J.W. Sweeney:U.S. Bureau of Mines Report No. 8639, 1982.

  3. CE. Morris, T.D. Wheelock, and L.L. Smith:Am. Inst. Chem. Eng. Ser., 1987, vol. 83 (255), pp. 94–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. T.D. Wheelock and D.R. Boylan:Ind. Eng. Chem., 1960, vol. 52, pp. 215–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. M.R. Ragin and D.R. Brooks:Proc. Int. Symp. on Phosphogypsum, 2nd ed., 1988, vol. 2, pp. 117–35.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. O.J. Seung and T.D. Wheelock:Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1990, vol. 29, pp. 544–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. L.M. Diaz-Bossio, S.E. Squier, and A.H. Pulsifer:Chem. Eng. Sci., 1985, vol. 40, pp. 319–24.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. W.Q. Hull, F. Schon, and H. Zirngibl:Ind. Eng. Chem., 1957, vol. 49, pp. 319–24.

    Google Scholar 

  9. S.C. Biswas, V.P. Sabharwal, and B.K. Datta:Technology, 1974, vol. 11, pp. 415–16.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. E.T. Turkdogan and J.V. Vinters:Trans. Inst. Min. Metall., 1976,Sect. C, vol. 85, pp. 117–23.

    Google Scholar 

  11. U.R Farooqui, Y. Venkateshan, and D.S. Datar:J. Sci. Ind. Res., 1961, vol. 2D, pp. 36–39.

    Google Scholar 

  12. J.M. Chen and R.T. Yang:Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundam., 1979, vol. 18, pp. 134–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.S. Mozes:Environ. Sci. Technol., 1978, vol. 12, pp. 163–69.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. S.M. Ali, I. Haque, and B. Ahmed:Pak. J. Sci. Ind. Res., 1968, vol. 11, pp. 172–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. P.P. Reddy, N. Ruthinan, N. Sundaran, and A.K. Satyanaranan:Chem. Age Ind., 1987, vol. 18, pp. 282–88.

    Google Scholar 

  16. D. Shell and C.L. Hilton:Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, 1968, vol. 6, p. 543.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Y.J. Hao and T. Tanaka:Can. J. Chem. Eng., 1988, vol. 66, pp. 761–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. S. Kasaoka, Y. Sakata, S. Kayano, and T. Masuoka:Int. Chem. Eng., 1983, vol. 23, pp. 477–85.

    Google Scholar 

  19. S.B. Jagtap, A.R. Pande, and A.N. Gokam:Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1990, vol. 29, pp. 795–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. S. Kasaoka, Y. Sakata, and C. Tung:Int. Chem. Eng., 1985, vol. 25, pp. 161–75.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kale, B.B., Pande, A.R. & Gokarn, A.N. Studies in the carbothermic reduction of phosphogypsum. Metall Trans B 23, 567–572 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649716

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02649716

Keywords

Navigation