Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification mode in austenitic stainless steels

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effect of the solidification conditions on the solidification mode in the composition range in which the primary austenitic and ferritic modes compete is studied by varying the welding parameters in gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding and by comparing the results with those obtained from other laboratory experiments. A good agreement holds if the effect of the composition is described by the ratio Creq/Nieq (Creq = pct Cr + 1.37 × pct Mo + 1.5 × pct Si + 2 × pct Nb + 3 × pct Ti and Nieq = pct Ni + 0.31 × pct Mn + 22 × pct C + 14.2 × pct N + pct Cu) and the effect of the solidification conditions by the growth rate. The critical value of the ratio Creq/Nieq corresponding to the transition from primary austenitic to ferritic solidification increases from 1.43 to 1.55 with increasing growth rate. The upper limit is valid in GTA welding at high welding speeds, while the lower limit corresponds to the practical conditions which exist in ingot and shaped casting. The validity and applicability of this solidification model are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. G. Blanc and R. Tricot:Mém. Sci. Rev. Mét., 1971, vol. 68, pp. 735–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. S. Kato, H. Yoshida, and N. Chino:Tetsu-to-Hagané, 1977, vol. 63, pp. 1681–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A guide to the solidification of steels, Jernkontoret, Stockholm, 1977.

  4. Ö. Hammar and U. Svensson:Solidification and Casting of Metals, The Metals Society, London, 1979, pp. 401–10.

    Google Scholar 

  5. N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 512–14.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Aström, B. Loberg, B. Bengtson, and K. Easterling:Met. Sci., 1975, vol. 10, pp. 225–34.

    Google Scholar 

  7. H. Fredriksson:Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 2989–97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. N. Suutala and T. Moisio:Solidification Technology in the Foundry and Casthouse, The Metals Society, London, in press.

  9. T. Takalo, N. Suutala, and T. Moisio:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 1173–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 1181–90.

    Google Scholar 

  11. N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio:Metall. Trans. A, 1980, vol. 11A, pp. 717–25.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. N. Suutala:Metall. Trans. A, 1982, vol. 13A, p. 2121.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld Metal, American Welding Society, A4.2-74, approved June 5, 1975.

  14. W. T. DeLong:Weld. J., 1974, vol. 53, pp. 273s-286s.

    Google Scholar 

  15. T. V. Simpkinson:Iron Age, 1952, vol. 170, pp. 166–69.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. M. C. Flemings:Solidification Processing, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY, 1974, pp. 146–54.

    Google Scholar 

  17. K. -O. Jonsson:Jernkont. Ann., 1969, vol. 153, pp. 193–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. J. E. Lait, J. K. Brimacombe, and F. Weinberg:Ironmaking and Steel-making, 1974, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 90–97.

    Google Scholar 

  19. F. Matsuda, T. Hashimoto, and T. Senda:Trans. NRIM, 1969, vol. 11, pp. 89–104.

    Google Scholar 

  20. G. J. Davies and J. G. Garland:Int. Met. Rev., 1975, vol. 20, pp. 83–106.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. M. H. Burden and J. D. Hunt:J. Crystal Growth, Part I, 1974, vol. 22, pp. 99–108; J. Crystal Growth, Part II, 1974, vol. 22, pp. 109-16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. J. D. Hunt:Solidification and Casting of Metals, The Metals Society, London, 1979, pp. 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  23. R. Trivedi:J. Crystal Growth, 1980, vol. 49, pp. 219–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. W. Kurz and D. J. Fischer:Acta Met., 1981, vol. 29, pp. 11–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. L. F. Martins and H. Carvalhinhos: Lisboa’ 75, Paper no. 16,42nd Int. Foundry Congress, Lissabon, 1975.

  26. M. H. Carvalhos, J. A. Sequeira, and H. Carvalhinhos:Fundicao, 1974, vol. 74, pp. 82–90.

    Google Scholar 

  27. C. -Å. Däcker and H. Fredriksson: The Royal University of Technology, Stockholm, unpublished research, 1976.

  28. B. Leffler and S. Malm:Met. Technology, 1977, vol. 4, pp. 81–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. N. Suutala: Licenciate Thesis (in Finnish), University of Oulu, Oulu, 1980.

  30. M. Bobadilla and G. Lesoult:Mém. Sci. Rev. Mét., 1981, vol. 78, pp. 345–58.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Jacobi and W. Pitsch:Arch. Eisenhüttenwes., 1975, vol. 46, pp. 417–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. L. Westin: Swedish Institute for Metal Research, Stockholm, unpublished research, 1977.

  33. T. E. Roberts, D. P. Kovarik, and R. D. Maier:Proc. 83rd Annual Meeting, American Foundrymen’s Society, 1980, pp. 279-98.

  34. E. Kuula: Outokumpu Oy, Tornio, private communication, September 1981.

  35. N. Suutala, S. Sivonen, and T. Moisio:Schweissen Schneiden, 1978, vol. 30, pp. 170–73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio:Weld. J., 1981, vol. 61, pp. 92s-93s.

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. A. David:Weld. J., 1981, vol. 61, pp. 63s-71s.

    Google Scholar 

  38. G. L. Leone and H. W. Kerr:Weld. J., 1982, vol. 62, pp. 13s-21s.

    Google Scholar 

  39. H. Hoffmeister and R. Mundt:Schweissen Schneiden, 1978, vol. 30, pp. 214–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. H. Thier:DVS-Berichte, Band 41, DVS GmbH, Düsseldorf, 1976, pp. 100-06.

  41. V. Kujanpää, N. Suutala, T. Takalo, and T. Moisio:Met. Con., 1980, vol. 12, pp. 282–85.

    Google Scholar 

  42. L. -Å. Nordström and S. Malm:Scand. J. Metallurgy, 1978, vol. 7, pp. 31–33.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Stjerndahl and C.-Å. Däcker:Scand. J. Metallurgy, 1980, vol. 9, pp. 217–24.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. D. Rosenthal:Trans. ASME, 1946, vol. 68, pp. 849–66.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Stainless Steel Division, Research Engineer, Outokumpu Company, Tornio, Finland

    N. Suutala

Authors
  1. N. Suutala
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Formerly Research Metallurgist, Laboratory of Physical Metallurgy, University of Oulu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Suutala, N. Effect of solidification conditions on the solidification mode in austenitic stainless steels. Metall Trans A 14, 191–197 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651615

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02651615

Keywords

Search

Navigation