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Bainite in steels

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Abstract

The mechanism of the bainite transformation in steels is reviewed, beginning with a summary of the early research and finishing with an assessment of the transformation in the context of the other reactions which occur as austenite is cooled to temperatures where it is no longer the stable phase. The review includes a detailed account of the microstructure, chemistry, and crystallography of bainitic ferrite and of the variety of carbide precipitation reactions associated with the bainite transformation. This is followed by an assessment of the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of the reaction and by a consideration of the reverse transformation from bainite to austenite. It is argued that there are useful mechanistic distinctions to be made between the coherent growth of ferrite initially supersaturated with carbon (bainite), coherent growth of Widmanstätten ferrite under paraequilibrium conditions, and incoherent growth of ferrite under local equilibrium or paraequilibrium conditions. The nature of the so-called acicular ferrite is also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, CB2 3QZ, Cambridge, UK

    H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia (Lecturer)

  2. Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials, Oxford University, Parks Road, OX1 3PH, Oxford, UK

    J. W. Christian (Emeritus Professor of Physical Metallurgy)

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  1. H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia
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  2. J. W. Christian
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This paper is based on a presentation made in the symposium “International Conference on Bainite” presented at the 1988 World Materials Congress in Chicago, IL, on September 26 and 27, 1988, under the auspices of the ASM INTERNATIONAL Phase Transformations Committee and the TMS Ferrous Metallurgy Committee.

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Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H., Christian, J.W. Bainite in steels. Metall Trans A 21, 767–797 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02656561

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