Abstract
The present work is based on four static molds using nozzles of different port diameter, port angle, and immersion depth. It has been observed that the meniscus is wavy. The wave amplitude shows a parabolic variation with the nozzle exit velocity. The dimensionless amplitude is found to vary linearly with the Froude number. Vortex formation and bubble entrainment by the wave occurs at the meniscus beyond a critical flow rate, depending upon the nozzle configuration, immersion depth, and the mold aspect ratio.
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Gupta, D., Lahiri, A.K. Water-Modeling Study of the Surface Disturbances in Continuous Slab Caster. Metall Mater Trans B 25, 227–233 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665205
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02665205