Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Carbide precipitation during stage I tempering of Fe-Ni-C martensites

  • Published:
Metallurgical Transactions A Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Microstructural changes which accompany the first stage of tempering have been studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrical resistometry in two Fe-Ni-C alloys that form platelike martensite. The ε-carbide transition phase in these alloys adopts a platelike shape with a habit plane near {012=α. Electron diffraction data indicate that the carbide may be partially ordered, resulting in orthorhombic symmetry, and therefore, this phase is designated as ε′- carbide. The carbide particles contain a fine internal substructure which appears to represent an internal accommodation deformation (faulting) on the carbide basal plane. Detailed analysis of the kinematics of carbide precipitation suggests that the observed habit plane and accommodation deformation permit an invariant-plane strain transformation which minimizes elastic strain energy. The apparent selection of only a limited number of possible orientation variants is explained in terms of the symmetry of the parent martensitic phase, which is known to undergo spinodal decomposition prior to the nucleation of the transition carbide. The martensitic substructure is not found to exert any significant influence on this overall precipitation behavior.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. K.H. Jack:JISI, 1951, vol. 169, pp. 26–36.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M.G.H. Wells:Acta Metall., 1964, vol. 12, pp. 389–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y. Hirotsu and S. Nagakura:Acta Metall., 1972, vol. 20, pp. 645–55.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Y. Hirotsu, Y. Itakura, K. Su, and S. Nagakura:Trans. JIM, 1976, vol. 17, pp. 503–13.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. K. Shimizu and H. Okamoto:Trans. JIM, 1974, vol. 15, pp. 193–99.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Tanaka and K. Shimizu:Trans. JIM, 1981, vol. 22, pp. 779–88.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. E. Tekin and P.M. Kelly: inPrecipitation from Iron-Base Alloys, G.R. Speich and J.B. Clark, eds., AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1965, pp. 173–229.

    Google Scholar 

  8. G.R. Speich and W.C. Leslie:Metall. Trans., 1972, vol. 3, pp. 1043–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. A.K. Sachdev: Sc.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Samuel Murphy and John Anthony Whiteman:Metall. Trans., 1970, vol. 1, pp. 843–48.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D.L. Williamson, K. Nakazawa, and G. Krauss:Metall. Trans. A, 1979, vol. 10A, pp. 1351–63.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. W.C. Leslie:Acta Metall., 1961, vol. 9, pp. 1004–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen:Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 1057–65.

    Google Scholar 

  14. S. Nagakura, Y. Hirotsu, M. Kusunoki, T. Suzuki, and Y. Nakamura:Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 1025–31.

    Google Scholar 

  15. K.A. Taylor, L. Chang, G.B. Olson, G.D.W. Smith, M. Cohen, and J.B. Vander Sande:Metall. Trans. A, 1989, vol. 20A, pp. 2739–47.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. A.M. Sherman, G.T. Eldis, and M. Cohen:Metall. Trans. A, 1983, vol. 14A, pp. 995–1005.

    Google Scholar 

  17. K.A. Taylor: Sc.D. Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  18. P. Hirsch, A. Howie, R.B. Nicholson, D.W. Pashley, and M.J. Whelan:Electron Microscopy of Thin Crystals, Krieger, Huntington, NY, 1977, pp. 104–05.

    Google Scholar 

  19. K.A. Taylor, G.B. Olson, M. Cohen, and J.B. Vander Sande:Metall. Trans. A, 1989, vol. 20A, pp. 2717–37.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Sheree H. Chen and J.W. Morris, Jr.:Metall. Trans. A, 1977, vol. 8A, pp. 19–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J.W. Christian:Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  22. M.S. Wechsler, D.S. Lieberman, and T.A. Read:Trans. AIME, 1953, vol. 197, pp. 1503–15.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J.S. Bowles and J.K. MacKenzie:Acta Metall., 1954, vol. 2, pp. 129-47; 224–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. R. Bullough and B.A. Bilby:Proc. Phys. Soc, 1956, vol. B69, p. 1276.

    Google Scholar 

  25. U. Dahmen and K.H. Westmacott:Acta Metall., 1986, vol. 34, pp. 475–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. U. Dahmen, P. Ferguson, and K.H. Westmacott:Acta Metall., 1987, vol. 35, pp. 1037–46.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Cohen and C.M. Wayman: inMetallurgical Treatises, J.K. Tien and J.F. Elliott, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1981, pp.445–68.

    Google Scholar 

  28. C.M. Wayman:Introduction to the Crystallography of Martensitic Transformations, MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., New York, NY, 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Z. Nishiyama:Martensitic Transformation, Academic Press, New York, NY, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  30. H.M. Ledbetter and C.M. Wayman:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1971, vol. 7, pp. 151–57.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. W. Rong and G.L. Dunlop:Acta Metall., 1984, vol. 32, pp. 1591–99.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A.G. Crocker and B.A. Bilby:Acta Metall., 1961, vol. 9, pp. 992–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. M. Kusunoki and S. Nagakura:J. Appl. Crystallogr., 1981, vol. 14, pp. 329–36.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. G. Krauss: inProc. Int. Conf. on Phase Transformations in Ferrous Alloys, A.R. Marder and J.I. Goldstein, eds., TMS-AIME, Warrendale, PA, 1984, pp. 101–23.

    Google Scholar 

  35. R.L. Brown, H.J. Rack, and M. Cohen:Mater. Sci. Eng., 1975, vol. 21, pp. 25–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P.C. Chen and P.G. Winchell:Metall. Trans. A, 1980, vol. 11A, pp. 1333–39.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. G.B. Olson and M. Cohen: inDislocations in Solids, F.R.N. Nabarro, ed., North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1987, vol. 7, ch. 37, pp. 295–407.

    Google Scholar 

  38. M. Grujicic, G.B. Olson, and W.S. Owen:Metall. Trans. A, 1985, vol. 16A, pp. 1713–22.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. G.B. Olson, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, and M. Cohen:Acta Metall., 1989, vol. 37, pp. 381–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bethlehem Steel Corporation, 18016, Bethlehem, PA

    K. A. Taylor (Research Engineer)

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 60208, Evanston, IL

    G. B. Olson (Professor)

  3. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 02139, Cambridge, MA

    M. Cohen (Institute Professor Emeritus) & J. B. Vander Sande (Professor)

Authors
  1. K. A. Taylor
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. B. Olson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. B. Vander Sande
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

formerly with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

formerly with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Taylor, K.A., Olson, G.B., Cohen, M. et al. Carbide precipitation during stage I tempering of Fe-Ni-C martensites. Metall Trans A 20, 2749–2765 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670168

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02670168

Keywords

Search

Navigation