Abstract
Results of experiments in which the collision variables were carefully controlled showed that bond zone wave formation during explosion cladding is analogous to the formation of vortex streets in fluid flow around an obstacle or in the collision of liquid streams. The fluid flow analogy explains the observed transition from a smooth metal-to-metal bond zone to a wavy bond zone above a critical collision velocity. This model is capable of predicting the minimum collision velocity necessary for bond zone wave formation in different metal systems and it also predicts correctly the strong dependence of wave size on collision angle. The magnitude of the wave size agrees with that predicted from fluid flow past a flat plate. Two other mechanisms of bond zone wave formation were explored experimentally and found to be invalid.
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Cowan, G.R., Bergmann, O.R. & Holtzman, A.H. Mechanism of bond zone wave formation in explosion-clad metals. Metall Trans 2, 3145–3155 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02814967
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02814967