Skip to main content
Log in

Solid waste treatment within the framework of life cycle assessment

Metals in municipal solid waste landfills

  • LCA Case Studies And Projects
  • Published:
The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to a lack of available methods and data, the Inventory Analysis in many Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) often exclude important information concerning emissions from landfills. In light of this, a method for estimating emission factors for metals from municipal solid waste has been developed and is presented herewith. Emission factors, expressing the emitted fraction of the landfilled amount of the element during a surveyable time period (corresponding to several decades or a century), is suggested for several metals. It is suggested that these can be used in initial (screening) LCAs where the aim is to identify key-issues, i.e. important aspects of the system under study.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Consoli, F.,Allen, D.,Boustead, I.,Fava, J.,Franklin, W.,Jensen, A.A., deOude, N.,Parrish, R.,Perriman, R.,Postleth-waite, D.,Quay, B.,Sêguin, J.,ViGon, B. (Eds): Guidelines for Life Cycle Assessment: A Code of Practise; SETAC; Brussels, Belgium; 1993

    Google Scholar 

  2. Heijungs, R.,Guinée, J.B.,Huppes, G.,Lankreijer, R.M.,Udo deHaes,H.A.,Wegener Sleeswijk, A.,Ansems, A.M.M.,Eggels, P.G., vanDuin, R., and deGoede, H.P.: Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Products. Guide and Backgrounds; CML, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; 1992

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lindfors, L.-G.,Christiansen, K.,Hoffman, L.,Virtanen, Y.,Juntilla, V.,Hanssen, O.-J.,Ronning, A.,Ekvall, T. andFlnnvkden, G.: Nordic Guidelines on Life Cycle Assessment. Nord 1995:20. Nordic Council of Ministers, Copenhagen, Denmark. 1995

    Google Scholar 

  4. Flnnvedfn, G.: Landfilling — a forgotten part of Life Cycle Assessments. In: Product Life Cycle Assessment — Principles and Methodology; Nord 1992:9; 263–280. Nordic Council of Ministers; Copenhagen, Denmark. 1992

    Google Scholar 

  5. Vigon, B.W.,Tolle, D.A.,Cornaby, B.W.,Latham, H.C.,Harrison, C.L.,Boguski, T.L.,Hunt, R.G., andSellers, J.D.: Life Cycle inventory Guidelines and Principles. EPA/600/R-92/245. USEPA; Washington D.C., USA. 1993

    Google Scholar 

  6. Finnveden, G.,Albertsson, A.-C.,Berendson, J.,Eriksson, E.,Höglund, L.O.,Karlsson, S.,Sundqvist, J.-O.: Solid waste treatment within the framework of Life Cycle Assessment. Submitted to J. Cleaner Production (in press)

  7. Öman, C.: Transition phases in a municipal waste landfill; IVL Report No B1017; 1VL, Stockholm, Sweden; 1991. (In Swedish, English version in preparation)

  8. Baccini, P.,Henseler, G.,Figi, R. andBelevi, H.; Water and element balances of municipal solid waste landfills. Waste Management and Research; 5; 483–499. 1987

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Belevi, H. ANDBaccini, P.: Water and Element Fluxes from Sanitary Landfills. In: CHRISTENSEN, T.H., COSSU, R. AND STEGMANN, R. (Eds.): Sanitary Landfilling: Process, Technology and Environmental Impact, 391-397. Academic Press. 1989

  10. Ehrig;, H.-J.: Water and Element Balances of Landfills. In: Baccini, P. (Ed.): The Landfill, Reactor and Final Storage. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, 20, 83-115. Springer Verlag. 1989

  11. The Tellus Packaging Study; The Tellus Institute, Boston, MA, USA;1992

  12. Eggels, P.G. and van derVen, B.L.: Environmental effects of waste treatment of impregnated wood. Reference number 94-241; TNO Environmental and Energy Research; Apeldoorn, The Netherlands; 1994

    Google Scholar 

  13. Ehirg;, H.-J.: Quality and Quantity of Sanitary Landfill Leachate. Waste Management & Research, 1, 53–68. 1983

    Google Scholar 

  14. Robinson, H.D. and Gronow, J.R.: A review of landfill leachate composition in the UK. In Proceedings Sardinia93, Fourth International Landfill Symposium, Cagliari, Italy, 11-15 October 1993. 821-832. 1993

  15. White, P.R.,Franke, M. andHindle, P.: Integrated Solid Waste Management. A Life Cycle Inventory; Blackie A&P; Glasgow, U.K.; 1995

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lagerkvist, A.: Anaerobic barriers — A potential strategy for rein- troducing waste to nature. Rapport 4051. Naturvårdsverket, Solna, Sweden. 1992. (In Swedish)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Sundqvist, J.-O.,Finnveden, G.,Albertsson, A.-C,Karlsson, S.,Berendson, J.,Eriksson, E.,Höglund, L.O.: Life Cycle Assessment and Solid Waste. AFR-Report 29; AFR, Stockholm, Sweden; 1994

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jones, D.A.: Principles and prevention of corrosion. Macmillan. 1992

  19. Romanoff, M.: Underground corrosion. National Bureau of Standards Circular 579. U.S Department of Commerce. 1957

  20. Uhlig, H.H. ANDRevie, R.W.: Corrosion and Corrosion Control, an introduction to corrosion science and engineering. 3rd ed. John Wiley & Sons. 1985

  21. Miller, J.D.A. andTiller, K.: Microbial Corrosion of Buried and Immersed Metal. InMiller, J.D.A. (Ed.): Microbial Aspects of Metallurgy, 61-104. MTP, Chiltern House, Aylesbury, England. 1971

    Google Scholar 

  22. Palm, V.,Bergbäck, B. and Östlund, P.: Chromium and Nickel in Sweden. Report 14/95. Swedish National Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden. 1995

    Google Scholar 

  23. Rousseaux, P.: Les métaux lourds dans les ordures ménagères origines, formes chimiques, teneurs. R and D programme on recycling and utilization of waste, EEC, General Directorate XII. 1988. As cited by White et al. [15]

  24. Lindfors, L.-G.: Leaching of metals from waste landfills. Rapport 3701. Naturvårdsverket, Solna, Sweden. 1989. (In Swedish)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Finnveden, G. Solid waste treatment within the framework of life cycle assessment. Int. J. LCA 1, 74–78 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978649

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02978649

Key words

Navigation