Abstract
The liquid-phase oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid using Au catalysts supported on various metal oxides was studied at 150°C using molecular oxygen as stoichiometric oxidant. Catalysts containing 1 wt% Au supported on TiO2, Al2O3, and ZnO were examined for ethanol oxidation. The results showed that ZnO and TiO2 gave higher initial activities as supports for gold in ethanol oxidation, followed by Al2O3. Ethanol conversions of >90% and selectivities to acetic acid of >95% were achieved when using ZnO and TiO2 as supports under conditions where a slight oxygen deficiency was used. With a slight excess of oxygen present initially, ethanol conversions of 99.4%, and a selectivity to acetic acid selectivity of 99.8% could be achieved. Gold leaching seemed to be very apparent with alumina as support and also, after continued use with titania-based catalysts. The use of higher initial concentrations of ethanol (range studied 5–40 mass% ethanol in water) led to higher ethyl acetate selectivities. High acetic acid selectivities were seen for relatively low (5–10 mass%) initial ethanol concentrations.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B.E. Dale,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2003,78, 1093
J. Rass-Hansen, H. Falsig, B. Jørgensen, C.H. Christensen,J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2007,82, 329
N. Kosaric, Z. Duvnjak, A. Farkas, H. Sahm, S. Bringer-Meyer, O. et al Goebel, Ethanol inUllmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (7th edn). Wiley, Chichester, 2006
M. Haruta, T. Kobayashi, H. Sano, N. Yamada,Chem. Lett. 1987,16, 405
A.S.K. Hashmi, G.J. Hutchings,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006,45, 7896
P.P. Edwards, J.M. Thomas,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007,46, 5480
T. Mallat, A. Baiker,Chem. Rev. 2004,104, 3037
J. Muzart,Tetrahedron, 2003,59, 5789
J.S. Rafelt, J.H. Clark,Catal. Today, 2000,57, 33
T. Ishida, M. Haruta,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2007,46, 7154
Z. Opre, D. Ferri, F. Krumeich, T. Mallat, A. Baiker,J. Catal. 2006,241, 287
D.V. Bavykin, A.A. Lapkin, S.T. Kolaczkowski, P.K. Plucinski,Appl. Catal. A. 2005,288, 175
K. Mori, T. Hara, T. Mizugaki, K. Ebitani, K. Kaneda,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004,126, 10657
H. Ji, J. Song, B. He, Y. Qian,React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. 2004,82, 97
V.D. Makwana, Y.C. Son, A.R. Howell, S.L. Suib,J. Catal. 2002,210, 46
H.J. Kluytmans, A.P. Markusse, B.F. Kuster, G.B. Marin, J.C. Schouten,Catal. Today, 2000,57, 143
V.R. Gangwal, J. van der Schaaf, B.M. Kuster, J.C. Schouten,J. Catal. 2005,232, 432
G.J. Hutchings, S. Carrettin, P. Landon, J.K. Edwards, D. Enache, D.W. Knight, Y. Xu, A.F. Carley,Top. Catal. 2006,38, 223
A.F. Lee, D.E. Gawthrope, N.J. Hart, K. Wilson,Surf. Sci. 2004,548, 200
M.K. Rajumon, M.W. Roberts, F. Wang, P.B. Wells,J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1998,94, 3699
E. Vessellie, A. Baraldi, G. Comelli, S. Lizzit, R. Rosei,Chemphyschem. 2004,5, 1113
M. Bowker, R.P. Holroyd, R.G. Sharpe, J.S. Corneille, S.M. Francis, D.W. Goodman,Surf. Sci. 1997,370, 113
J.L. Davis, M.A. Barteau,Surf. Sci. 1988,197, 123
D.A. Chen, C.M. Friend,J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998,120, 5017
M. Haruta, T. Kobayashi, H. Sano, N. Yamada,Chem Lett. 1987, 405
G.J. Hutchings,J. Catal. 1985,96, 292
C.H. Christensen, B. Jørgensen, J. Rass-Hansen, K. Egeblad, R. Madsen, S.K. Klitgaard, S.M. Hansen, M.R. Hansen, H.C. Andersen, A. Riisager,Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2006,45, 4648
D.L. Enache, J.K. Edwards, P. Landon, B. Solsona-Espriu, A.F. Carley, A.A. Herzing, M. Watanable, C.J. Kiely, D.W. Knight, G.J. Hutchings,Science 2006,311, 362
S. Biella, M. Rossi,Chem. Commun. 2003, 378
A.S.K. Hashmi, G.J. Hutchings,Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2006,45, 7896
B. Jørgensen, S.E. Christiansen, M.L.D. Thomsen, C.H. Christensen,Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2007,251, 332
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Open Access This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0 ), which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
About this article
Cite this article
Tembe, S.M., Patrick, G. & Scurrell, M.S. Acetic acid production by selective oxidation of ethanol using Au catalysts supported on various metal oxide. Gold Bull 42, 321–327 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214954
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03214954