Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Festkörperprobleme 15 pp 229–251Cite as

Lead salt laser diodes

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Solid State Physics ((ASSP,volume 15))

Abstract

Lead chalcogenides are direct semiconductors with small energy gap (ΔE≲0.3 eV) and therefore useful materials for optoelectronic devices in the infrared spectral region. Here we will discuss their use as laser diodes emitting between 2 and 20 μm. The state of crystal growth techniques and diode technology is reviewed in respect to low threshold current densities, high temperature operation in cw and pulsed mode and power output. Tuning of the emitted wavelength by temperature, hydrostatic pressure and magnetic fields is dealt with in detail. The applications of such diodes in gas spectroscopy are summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Strauss, A. J., Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 242, 354 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  2. Antcliffe, G. A., Parker, S. G., and Bate, R. T., Appl. Phys. Letters 21, 505 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. Washwell, E. R., and Cuff, K. F., in: Proc. 7th Int. Conf. Phys. Semicond., Paris 1964, p. 11, Dunod, Paris (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Esaki, L., and Stiles, P. J., Phys. Rev. Letters 16, 1108 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Butler, J. F., and Calawa, A. R., in: Physics of Quantum Electronics, p. 458 J. P. Kelley, B. Lax and P. E. Tannenwald (eds.) McGraw-Hill, New York (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Melngailis, I., and Calawa, A. R., Appl. Phys. Letters 9, 304 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Tauber, R. N., and Cadoff, I. B., J. Appl. Phys. 38, 3714 (1967).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Melngailis, I., and Harman, T. C., Appl. Phys. Letters 13, 180 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Kasai, I., PhD Thesis, Univ. of California, Los Angeles, (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Strauss, A. J., Phys. Rev. 157, 608 (1967).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Calawa, A. R., Melngailis, I., Harman, T. C., and Dimmock, J. O., Solid State Res. Report, Lincoln Lab. MIT (1967:3) p. 1 (1967:4) p. 1.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harman, T. C., Calawa, A. R., Melngailis, I., and Dimmock, J. O., Appl. Phys. Letters 14, 333 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Calawa, A. R., Dimmock, J. O., Harman, T. C., and Melngailis, I., Phys. Rev. Letters 23, 7 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nill, K. W., Blum, F. A., Calawa, A. R., and Harman, T. C., J. Nonmetals, 1, 211 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Chashchin, S. P., Averyanov, I. S., and Baryshev, N. S., Sov. Phys.-Semicond. 4, 1538 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Nill, K. W., Strauss, A. J., and Blum, F. A., Appl. Phys. Letters 22, 677 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Dimmock, J. O., Melngailis, I., and Strauss, A. J., Phys. Rev. Letters 16 1193 (1966).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Cohen, M. L. and Tsang, Y. W., in: Proc. Conf. Phys. Semimetals and Narrow Gap Semicond., Dallas, Texas, 1970, p. 303. D. L. Carter and R. T. Bate (eds.) Pergamon Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Harman, T. C. see ref. [18], in.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pilkuhn, M., Phys. Stat. Sol. 25, 9 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Weber, W. H., and Yeung, K. F., J. Appl. Phys., 44, 4991 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Calawa, A. R., in: Proc. C.S.A.T. Symp. on The Physics and Techn. of Semicond. Light Emitters and Detectors, Pugnochiuso/Italy (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Lasher, G., and Stern, F., Phys. Rev. A 133, 553 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Baryshev, N. S., and Shtivelman, K. Ya., Sov. Phys. Semicond. 1, 136 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Calawa, A. R., Harman, T. C., Finn, M., and Youtz, P., Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 242, 373 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Melngailis, I., and Harman, T. C. in: Semicond. and Semimetals 5, p. 111. R. K. Willardson and A. C. Beer (eds.) Academic Press, New York (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Dionne, G., and Woolley, J. C., J. Electrochem. Soc., 119, 784 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Harman, T. C., J. Nonmetals 1, 183 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Gutknecht, K. H., Preier, H., and Hesse, J., Mater. Res. Bull. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Wagner, J. W., and Willardson, R. K., Trans. Met. Soc. AIME, 242, 366 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Hiscocks, S. E. and West, P. D., J. Mater. Sci., 3, 76 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nill, K. W., Blum, F. A., Calawa, A. R., and Harman, T. C., Appl. Phys. Letters, 19, 79 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Preier, H., Herkert, R., and Pfeiffer, H., J. Cryst. Growth 22, 153 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Kasai, I., Daniel, D. R., Maier, H., and Wurzinger, H. D., J. Cryst. Growth 23, 201 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Parker, S. G., Pinnell, J. E., and Johnson, R. E., J. Electron. Mater. 3, 731 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Mateika, D., J. Cryst. Growth, 9, 249 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. Melngailis, I., J. de Physique 29, C4 (1968).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Tomasetta, L. R., and Fonstad, C. G., Appl. Phys. Letters 24, 567 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Tomasetta, L. R., and Fonstad, C. G., Appl. Phys. Letters 25, 440 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Duh, K. Y. and Preier H., J. Mater. Sci. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Harman, T. C., and McVittie, J. P., J. Electron. Mater. 3, 843 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Parker, S. G., and Guildi, R. L., J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 90 C (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Antcliffe, G. A., and Parker, S. G., J. Appl. Phys. 44, 4145 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  44. Antcliffe, G. A., and Wrobel, J. S., Appl. Phys. Letters 17, 290 (1970).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. Donelly, J. P., Calawa, A. R., Harman, T. C., Foyt, A. G., and Lindley, W. T. Solid-State Electron. 15, 403 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. Preier, H., and Riedel, W., J. Appl. Phys. 45, 3955 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. Preier, H., and Pfeiffer, H., J. Electrochem. Soc. 121, 595 (1974).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Groves, S. H., Nill, K. W., and Strauss, A. J., Appl. Phys. Letters 25, 331 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  49. Walpole, J. N., Calawa, A. R., Ralston, R. W., Harman, T. C., and McVittie, J. P., Appl. Phys. Letters 23, 620 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Walpole, J. N., Ralston, R. W., Calawa, A. R. Harman, T. C., and McVittie, J. P., IEEE Int. Semicond. Laser Conf., Atlanta/Georgia (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Sleger, K. J., McLane, G. F., and Mitchell, D. L., J. Nonmentals 1, 297 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Sleger, K. J., McLane, G. F., Strom, U., Bishop, S. G., and Mitchell, D. L., J. Appl. Phys. 45, 5069 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Ralston, R. W., Walpole, J. N., Calawa, A. R., Harman, T. C., and McVittie, J. P., J. Appl. Phys. 45, 1323 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. Ralston, R. W., Melngailis, I., Calawa, A. R., and Lindley, W. T., J. Quantum Electron. 9, 350 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. Walpole, J. N., Calawa, A. R., Ralston, R. W. and Harman, T. C., J. Appl. Phys. 44, 2905 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. Preier, H. and Riedel, W., Appl. Phys. Letters 25, 55 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  57. Norton, P., Chia, P., Bragging, T., and Levinstein, H., Appl. Phys. Letters 18, 158 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. Besson, J. M., Paul, W., and Calawa, A. R., Phys. Rev. 173, 699 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. Hinkley, E. D., Harman, T. C., and Freed, C., Appl. Phys. Letters 13, 49 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Butler, J. F., Solid-State Comm. 7, 909 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. Besson, J. M., Butler, J. F., Calawa, A. R., Paul, W., and Rediker, R. H., Appl. Phys. Letter 7, 206 (1965).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Nill, K. W., Blum, F. A., and Calawa, A. R., Appl. Phys. Letters 21, 132 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. Hinkley, E. D., Opto-electronics, 4, 69 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. AEG-Telefunken, Forschungsinstitut, Frankfurt a.M., Germany

    Joachim Hesse & Horst Preier

Authors
  1. Joachim Hesse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Horst Preier
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

H. J. Queisser

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1975 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hesse, J., Preier, H. (1975). Lead salt laser diodes. In: Queisser, H.J. (eds) Festkörperprobleme 15. Advances in Solid State Physics, vol 15. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0107380

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0107380

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-528-08021-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75347-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation