Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Six Order Cascaded Power Line Notch Filter for ECG Detection Systems with Noise Shaping

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents the design of an operational transconductance amplifier-C (OTA-C) notch filter for a portable Electrocardiogram (ECG) detection system. A six order cascaded filter is utilized to reduce the effect of the power line interference at (50/60 Hz). The proposed filter is based on a programmable balanced OTA circuit. Based on this, PSPICE post layout simulation results for the extracted filter using 0.25 \(\upmu \)m technology and operating under \(\pm \)0.8 V voltage supply are also given. The six order notch filter provides a notch depth of 65 dB (43 dB for 4th order), input referred noise spectral density with noise shaping of 9 \(\upmu \)Vrms/\(\surd \)Hz at the pass band frequencies and 9 mVrms/\(\surd \)Hz at the notch (zero) frequency which provide noise shaping for the ECG signal. These results demonstrate the ability of the filter to be used for ECG signal filtering which is located within 150 Hz.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. H. Alzaher, N. Tasadduq, Mahnashi. A Highly Linear Fully Integrated Power line Filter for Biopotential Acquisition Systems. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 703–712 (2013)

  2. E. Berbari, Principles of Electrocardiography. In, editor, in The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, ed. by E. J. Bronzino2nd edn. (CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, 2000).

  3. A. Bharadwaj, U. Kamath, Accurate ECG Signal Processing (Cypress Semiconductor Corporation, Technical report, 2011)

  4. D. Comer, D. Comer, B. Casper, D. Korth, A low-frequency, continuous-time notch filter using Gm-C circuits. International Journal of Electronics 86, 1349–1357 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. H. Li, J. Zhang, L. Wang, A Fully Integrated Continuous-Time 50-Hz Notch Filter with Center Frequency Tunability. 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS (2011)

  6. K. Moody, P. Latham, I. Lee, Switched-capacitor notch filter with programmable notch width and depth. US patent: 5,331,218, (1994)

  7. S. Mahmoud, A. Soliman, A New CMOS Programmable Balanced Output Transconductor and Application to a Mixed Mode Universal Filter Suitable for VLSI. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 19, 241–254 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. S. Mahmoud, A. Bamakhramah, S. Al-Tunaiji. Low-Noise Low-Pass Filter for ECG Portable Detection Systems with Digitally Programmable Range. Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Journal 1–17, (2013). doi:10.1007/s00034-013-9564-9

  9. C. Ma, P. Mak, M. Vai, P. Mak, S. Pun, W. Feng, R. Martins, A 90 nm CMOS bio-potential signal readout front-end with improved power line interference rejection, in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 665–668 (2009)

  10. R. Northrop, Analysis and Application of Analog Electronic Circuits to Biomedical Instrumentation, 1st edn. (CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. K. Nagaraj, A parasitic-insensitive area-efficient approach to realizing very large constants in switched-capacitor circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. 36, 1210–1216 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. K. Ng, P. Chan, A CMOS analog front-end IC for portable EEG/ECG monitoring applications. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers 52, 2335–2347 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. X. Qiani, Y. Ping, X. Li, A CMOS Continuous-Time Low-Pass Notch Filter for EEG Systems. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing 44, 231–238 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Shaker, S. Mahmoud, A. Soliman, High-Order Gm-C Filters with Current Transfer Function Based on Multiple Loop Feedback. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications (ICSPC), 85–88 (2007)

  15. Y. Su, H. Chen, C. Hung, S. Lee, Wireless ECG detection system with low-power analog front-end circuit and bio-processing ZigBee firmware. Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst., 1216–1219 (2010)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Sharjah University, Sharjah, UAE

    Soliman A. Mahmoud, Ahmed Bamakhramah & Saeed A. Al-Tunaiji

Authors
  1. Soliman A. Mahmoud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ahmed Bamakhramah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saeed A. Al-Tunaiji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Soliman A. Mahmoud.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Mahmoud, S.A., Bamakhramah, A. & Al-Tunaiji, S.A. Six Order Cascaded Power Line Notch Filter for ECG Detection Systems with Noise Shaping. Circuits Syst Signal Process 33, 2385–2400 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9761-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-014-9761-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation