Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Electrical Engineering 3/2017

21.10.2016 | Original Paper

A novel NERC compliant automatic generation control in multi-area power systems in the presence of renewable-energy resources

verfasst von: Rabie Belkacemi, Arjan N. Rimal

Erschienen in: Electrical Engineering | Ausgabe 3/2017

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In this paper, a novel automatic generation control for a multi-area power system is developed. The proposed controller is based on the Immune-Reinforcement-Learning Algorithm and is capable of real-time adjustment to comply with North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) control performance standards as well as decreasing the generators’ oscillations. High-renewable penetration, such as wind power, reduces the total inertia of the system which makes the system unable to recover from perturbation causing deterioration in the control performance standards. Because of the intermittency of the renewables, constant gain controllers do not perform well and tend to violate the NERC standards. The proposed algorithm acts in real time and adapts with changes in the renewable power as well as changes in the load to always comply with the standards while smoothly running the generators to reduce wear and tear. The proposed controller is implemented on a four-area power system and compared to different fixed value cases.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Cauley G et al (2010) FERC docket No. RM06-16-010. Comments of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation following September 23 frequency response technical conference, October 14, 2010 Cauley G et al (2010) FERC docket No. RM06-16-010. Comments of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation following September 23 frequency response technical conference, October 14, 2010
3.
Zurück zum Zitat NERC Training Resource Working Group (2002) NERC training document—CPS overview NERC Training Resource Working Group (2002) NERC training document—CPS overview
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Kumar IP, Kothari DP (2016) Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 20(1):346–357 Kumar IP, Kothari DP (2016) Recent philosophies of automatic generation control strategies in power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 20(1):346–357
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Yingcheng X, Nengling T (2011) Review of contribution to frequency control through variable speed wind turbine. Renew Energy 36(6):1671–1677CrossRef Yingcheng X, Nengling T (2011) Review of contribution to frequency control through variable speed wind turbine. Renew Energy 36(6):1671–1677CrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Beaufays F, Abdel-Magid Y, Widrow B (1994) Application of neural networks to load-frequency control in power systems. Neural Netw 7(1):183–194CrossRef Beaufays F, Abdel-Magid Y, Widrow B (1994) Application of neural networks to load-frequency control in power systems. Neural Netw 7(1):183–194CrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Shayeghi H, Shayanfar HA (2006) Application of ANN technique based on \(\mu \)-synthesis to load frequency control of interconnected power system. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 28(7):503–511CrossRef Shayeghi H, Shayanfar HA (2006) Application of ANN technique based on \(\mu \)-synthesis to load frequency control of interconnected power system. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 28(7):503–511CrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat Chaturvedi DK, Satsangi PS, Kalra PK (1999) Load frequency control: a generalised neural network approach. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 21(6):405–415CrossRef Chaturvedi DK, Satsangi PS, Kalra PK (1999) Load frequency control: a generalised neural network approach. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst 21(6):405–415CrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Shoureshi RA, Hoffner B, Hu Z, Kramer RA (2001) Neural-based generation control for highly varying and uncertain loads. In: 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, vol 2. IEEE, p 5 Shoureshi RA, Hoffner B, Hu Z, Kramer RA (2001) Neural-based generation control for highly varying and uncertain loads. In: 2001 IEEE Porto Power Tech Proceedings, vol 2. IEEE, p 5
12.
Zurück zum Zitat Ghoshal SP, Goswami SK (2003) Application of GA based optimal integral gains in fuzzy based active power-frequency control of non-reheat and reheat thermal generating systems. Electr Power Syst Res 67(2):79–88CrossRef Ghoshal SP, Goswami SK (2003) Application of GA based optimal integral gains in fuzzy based active power-frequency control of non-reheat and reheat thermal generating systems. Electr Power Syst Res 67(2):79–88CrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Liu XJ, Zhang JW (2009) CPS compliant fuzzy neural network load frequency control. In: American control conference Liu XJ, Zhang JW (2009) CPS compliant fuzzy neural network load frequency control. In: American control conference
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Bevrani H (2014) Renewable energy options and frequency regulation. In: Robust power system frequency control. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 251–279 Bevrani H (2014) Renewable energy options and frequency regulation. In: Robust power system frequency control. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, pp 251–279
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Kayikci M, Milanovic JV (2009) Dynamic contribution of DFIG-based wind plants to system frequency disturbances. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(2):859–867CrossRef Kayikci M, Milanovic JV (2009) Dynamic contribution of DFIG-based wind plants to system frequency disturbances. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(2):859–867CrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Makarov YV, Loutan C, Ma J, de Mello P (2009) Operational impacts of wind generation on California power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(2):1039–1050CrossRef Makarov YV, Loutan C, Ma J, de Mello P (2009) Operational impacts of wind generation on California power systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(2):1039–1050CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Makarov YV (2010) Wind energy management system integration project. Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, USA, Tech. Rep. PNNL-19189 Makarov YV (2010) Wind energy management system integration project. Pacific Northwest National Lab., Richland, WA, USA, Tech. Rep. PNNL-19189
18.
Zurück zum Zitat de Almeida RG, Lopes JAP (2007) Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 22(3):944–950CrossRef de Almeida RG, Lopes JAP (2007) Participation of doubly fed induction wind generators in system frequency regulation. IEEE Trans Power Syst 22(3):944–950CrossRef
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Nanda J, Mangla A (2004) Automatic generation control of an interconnected hydro-thermal system using conventional integral and fuzzy logic controller. In: 2004 IEEE international conference on electric utility deregulation, restructuring and power technologies. Proceedings Nanda J, Mangla A (2004) Automatic generation control of an interconnected hydro-thermal system using conventional integral and fuzzy logic controller. In: 2004 IEEE international conference on electric utility deregulation, restructuring and power technologies. Proceedings
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Mauricio JM, Marano A, Gómez-Expósito A, Ramos JLM (2009) Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(1):173–180 Mauricio JM, Marano A, Gómez-Expósito A, Ramos JLM (2009) Frequency regulation contribution through variable-speed wind energy conversion systems. IEEE Trans Power Syst 24(1):173–180
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Dasgupta D, Forrest S (1999) An anomaly entection algorithm inspired by the immune system. In: Dasgupta D (ed) Artificial immune systems and their applications . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 262–277 Dasgupta D, Forrest S (1999) An anomaly entection algorithm inspired by the immune system. In: Dasgupta D (ed) Artificial immune systems and their applications . Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 262–277
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Belkacemi R, Feliachi A (2009) A decentralized immune based automatic generation control design in compliance with NERC’s standards. In: 2009 IEEE/PES power systems conference and exposition (PSCE). IEEE, Seattle, pp 1–7 Belkacemi R, Feliachi A (2009) A decentralized immune based automatic generation control design in compliance with NERC’s standards. In: 2009 IEEE/PES power systems conference and exposition (PSCE). IEEE, Seattle, pp 1–7
Metadaten
Titel
A novel NERC compliant automatic generation control in multi-area power systems in the presence of renewable-energy resources
verfasst von
Rabie Belkacemi
Arjan N. Rimal
Publikationsdatum
21.10.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Electrical Engineering / Ausgabe 3/2017
Print ISSN: 0948-7921
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-0487
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-016-0414-1

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2017

Electrical Engineering 3/2017 Zur Ausgabe

Neuer Inhalt