Abstract
The role of structural relaxations on the energy of the lowest \(4f{-}5d\) transition of \(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\) in garnets is studied by means of ab initio calculations. This study completes previous studies on the roles of the interactions of the Cerium impurity with its first neighbors and with the rest of the solid hosts, before the relaxations take place. Periodic boundary conditions density functional theory calculations (DFT) and second-order perturbation theory spin–orbit coupling embedded-cluster wave function theory calculations (WFT) have been performed in the garnets \(\hbox {Y}_{3}\hbox {Al}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\), \(\hbox {Lu}_{3}\hbox {Al}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\), \(\hbox {Y}_{3}\hbox {Ga}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\), \(\hbox {Lu}_{3}\hbox {Ga}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\), and \(\hbox {Ca}_{3}\hbox {Sc}_{2}\hbox {Si}_{3}\hbox {O}_{12}\) doped with \(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\). The local relaxation effects on the \(4f{-}5d\) transition are similar in the WFT and DFT calculations. They produce a blue shift in Al and Ga garnets in which Ce substitutes for smaller Y and Lu cations, which is found to be basically due to the local expansions around the impurity, with only minor contributions from angular relaxations. Atomic relaxations of more distant neighbors enhance the blue shift. Although the embedding effects of the undistorted garnets are known to make the differences between the \(4f{-}5d\) transition in Al and Ga garnets, we find that the structural relaxations are responsible for the small differences between the \(4f{-}5d\) transition in \(\hbox {Y}_{3}\hbox {Al}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\):\(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\) and \(\hbox {Lu}_{3}\hbox {Al}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\):\(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\), and in \(\hbox {Y}_{3}\hbox {Ga}_{5}\hbox {O}_{12}\):\(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\) and \(\hbox {Lu}_{3}\hbox {Ga}_{5}\hbox{O}_{12}\):\(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\).
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Acknowledgments
This work was partly supported by a grant from Ministerio de Economía y Competitivad, Spain (Dirección General de Investigación y Gestión del Plan Nacional de I+D+I, MAT2011-24586). QMP thanks the Erasmus Mundus Master in Theoretical Chemistry and Computational Modelling (TCCM) and the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO) for financial support.
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Published as part of the special collection of articles derived from the 9th Congress on Electronic Structure: Principles and Applications (ESPA 2014).
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Phung, Q.M., Barandiarán, Z. & Seijo, L. Structural relaxation effects on the lowest \(4f{-}5d\) transition of \(\hbox {Ce}^{3+}\) in garnets. Theor Chem Acc 134, 37 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-015-1639-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-015-1639-1