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Molecularly imprinted polymers applied to the clean-up of zearalenone and α-zearalenol from cereal and swine feed sample extracts

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Abstract

A molecularly imprinted polymer prepared using 1-allylpiperazine (1-ALPP) as the functional monomer, trimethyltrimethacrylate (TRIM) as the crosslinker and the zearalenone (ZON)-mimicking template cyclododecanyl-2,4-dihydroxybenzoate (CDHB) has been applied to the clean-up and preconcentration of this mycotoxin (zearalenone) and a related metabolite, α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), from cereal and swine feed sample extracts. The extraction of ZON and α-ZOL from the food samples was accomplished using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) with MeOH/ACN (50:50, v/v) as the extraction solvent, at 50 °C and 1500 psi. The extracted samples were cleaned up and preconcentrated through the MIP cartridge and analyzed using HPLC with fluorescence detection (λ exc=271/ λ em=452 nm). The stationary phase was a polar endcapped C18 column, and ACN/MeOH/water 10/55/35 (v/v/v, 15 mM ammonium acetate) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 was used as the mobile phase. The method was applied to the analysis of ZON and α-ZOL in wheat, corn, barley, rye, rice and swine feed samples fortified with 50, 100 and 400 ng g−1 of both mycotoxins, and it gave recoveries of between 85 and 97% (RSD 2.1–6.7%, n=3) and 87–97% (RSD 2.3–5.6%, n=3) for α-ZOL and ZON, respectively. The method was validated using a corn reference material for ZON.

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Acknowledgements

This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (Project No. BQU2002-04515-C02). MDM and JUP thank to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology for a Ramón y Cajal contract and a pre-doctoral grant, respectively. The authors gratefully acknowledge E. Merino and Prof. Orellana for CHDB synthesis and Dr. Krska from the Institute for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln, Austria) for providing the corn reference material for validation purposes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Optical Sensors, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain

    Javier L. Urraca, María Dolores Marazuela & María C. Moreno-Bondi

Authors
  1. Javier L. Urraca
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  2. María Dolores Marazuela
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  3. María C. Moreno-Bondi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to María C. Moreno-Bondi.

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Figure S1

Chromatograms of a corn PLE-extract (5 g corn spiked with 100 ng g-1 of ZON and α-ZOL): (a) without and (b) with a clean-up on the CDHB-MIP. Chromatographic conditions: see Section 2 (PDF 51kb)

Figure S2

Chromatograms of a swine feed PLE-extract (5 g swine feed spiked with 100 ng g-1 of ZON and α-ZOL): (a) without and (b) with a clean-up on the CDHB-MIP. Chromatographic conditions: see Section 2 (PDF 25kb)

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Urraca, J.L., Marazuela, M.D. & Moreno-Bondi, M.C. Molecularly imprinted polymers applied to the clean-up of zearalenone and α-zearalenol from cereal and swine feed sample extracts. Anal Bioanal Chem 385, 1155–1161 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0343-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-006-0343-3

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