Skip to main content
Log in

Ionic liquids in sample preparation

  • Review
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Due to their unique properties, their good extractabilities for various target analytes, and the fact that many compounds are highly soluble in them, room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are used as promising alternatives to the traditional organic solvents employed in sample preparation. ILs have been used as extraction solvents for a wide range of analytes, from environmental contaminates to biomacromolecules and nanomaterials, and as dissolution solvents for various detection techniques. In this paper, the main applications of ILs in sample preparation are reviewed, and the problems and challenges in this area are described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Suarez PAZ, Einloft S, Dullius JEL, de Souza RF, Dupont J (1998) J Chim Phys 95:1626–1639

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Huddleston JG, Visser AE, Reichert WM, Willauer HD, Broker GA, Rogers RD (2001) Green Chem 3:156–164

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Welton T (1999) Chem Rev 99:2071–2033

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Wilkes JS (2002) Green Chem 4:73–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Wilkes JS, Levisky JA, Wilson RA, Hussey CL (1982) Inorg Chem 21:1263–1264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Wilkes JS, Zaworotko MJ (1992) J Chem Soc Chem Commun 13:965–967

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Dupont J, de Souza RF, Suarez PAZ (2002) Chem Rev 102:3667–3692

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Freemantle M (1998) Chem Eng News 76:32

    Google Scholar 

  9. Armstrong DW, He L, Liu YS (1999) Anal Chem 71:3873–3876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Anderson JL, Armstrong DW (2003) Anal Chem 75:4851–4858

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Qi M, Armstrong DW (2007) Anal Bioanal Chem 388:889–899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yanes EG, Gratz SR, Baldwin MJ, Robison SE, Stalcup AM (2001) Anal Chem 73:3838–3844

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Vaher M, Koel M, Kaljurand M (2002) Electrophoresis 23:426–430

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Mwongela SM, Numan A, Gill NL, Agbaria RA, Warner IM (2003) Anal Chem 75:6089–6096

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Borissova M, Gorbatsova J, Ebber A, Kaljurand M, Koel M, Vaher M (2007) Electrophoresis 28:3600–3605

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Armstrong DW, Zhang LK, He L, Gross ML (2001) Anal Chem 73:3679–3686

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Carda-Broch S, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2003) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17:553–560

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li YL, Gross ML (2004) J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 15:1833–1837

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Tran CD, Yu S (2005) J Colloid Interf Sci 288:613–618

    Google Scholar 

  20. Giernoth R, Bankmann D, Schlorer N (2005) Green Chem 7:279–282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Fort DA, Swatloski RP, Moyna P, Rogers RD, Moyna G (2006) Chem Commun 714–716

  22. Nishi N, Imakura S, Kakiuchi T (2006) Anal Chem 78:2726–2731

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu JF, JA Jonsson, Jiang GB (2005) Trend Anal Chem 24:20–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Armstrong DW, Anderson JL, Wei GZ (2006) Anal Chem 78:2893–2902

    Google Scholar 

  25. Pandey S (2006) Anal Chim Acta 556:38–45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Shamsi SA, Danielson ND (2007) J Sep Sci 30:1729–1750

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Han XX, Armstrong DW (2007) Acc Chem Res 40:1079–1086

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Chen Y, Guo ZP, Wang XY, Qiu CG (2008) J Chromatogr A 1184:191–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Huddleston JG, Willauer HD, Swatloski RDP, Visser AE, Rogers RD (1998) Chem Commun 1765–1766

  30. Carda-Broch S, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2003) Anal Bioanal Chem 375:191–199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Dai S, Ju YH, Barnes CE (1999) J Chem Soc Dalton Trans 1201–1202

  32. Dietz ML, Dzielawa JA (2001) Chem Commun 2124–2125

  33. Visser AE, Jensen MP, Laszak I, Nash KL, Choppin GR, Rogers RD (2003) Inorg Chem 42:2197–2199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Jensen MP, Dzielawa JA, Rickert P, Dietz ML (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:10664–10665

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Jensen MP, Neuefeind J, Beitz JV, Skanthakumar S, Soderholm L (2003) J Am Chem Soc 125:15466–15473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Li CP, Xin BP, Xu WG, Zhang QS (2007) J Chem Technol Biotechnol 82:196–204

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Cocalia VA, Holbrey JD, Gutowski KE, Bridges NJ, Rogers RD (2006) Tsinghua Sci Tech 11:188–193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Liu JF, Jiang GB, Chi YG, Cai YQ, Zhou QX, Hu JT (2003) Anal Chem 75:5870–5876

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Vidal L, Sillakis EP, Domini CE, Grane N, Marken F, Canals A (2007) Anal Chim Acta 584:189–195

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Ye CL, Zhou QX, Wang XM, Xiao JP (2007) J Sep Sci 30:42–47

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Liu JF, Chi YG, Jiang GB, Tai C, Peng JF, Hu JT (2004) J Chromatogr A 1026:143–147

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Ye CL, Zhou QX, Wang XM (2006) Anal Chim Acta 572:165–171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Liu JF, Chi YG, Jiang GB (2005) J Sep Sci 28:87–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Peng JF, Liu JF, Jiang GB, Tai C, Huang MJ (2005) J Chromatogr A 1072:3–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhou Q, Bai H, Xie G, Xiao G (2008) J Chromatogr A 1177:43–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Ohno H, Fukomoto K (2007) Acc Chem Res 40:1122–1129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. Fukumoto K, Ohno H (2007) Angew Chem Int Ed 46:1852–1855

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Liu JF, Li N, Jiang GB, Liu JM, JA Jonsson, Wen MJ (2005) J Chromatogr A 1066:27–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Hsieh YN, Huang PC, Sun IW, Whang TJ, Hsu CY, Huang HH, Kuei CH (2006) Anal Chim Acta 557:321–328

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Li JD, Cai YQ, Shi YL, Mou SF, Jiang GB (2008) Talanta 74:498–504

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Aguilera-Heirador E, Lucena R, Cardenas S, Valcarcel M (2008) Anal Chem 80:793–800

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Khodaoust AP, Chandrasekaran S, Dionysiou D (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:2339–2345

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Zhao WY, Han M, Dai SG, Xu J, Wang P (2006) Chemosphere 62:1623–1629

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Luo HM, Dai S, Bonnesen PV (2004) Anal Chem 76:2773–2779

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Heitzman H, Young BA, Rausch DJ, Rickert P, Stepinski DC, Dietz ML (2006) Talanta 69:527–531

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Sieffert N, Wipff G (2006) J Phys Chem A 110:1106–1117

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Visser AE, Swatloski RP, Reichert WM, Griffin ST, Rogers RD (2000) Ind Eng Chem Res 39:3596–3604

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Luo HM, Dai S, Bonnesen PV, Buchanan AC, Holbrey JD, Bridges NJ, Rogers RD (2004) Anal Chem 76:3078–3083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sun XQ, Peng B, Chen J, Li DQ, Luo F (2008) Talanta 74:1071–1074

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Mekki S, Wai CM, Billard I, Moutiers G, Burt J, Yoon B, Wang JS, Gaillard C, Ouadi A, Hesemann P (2006) Chem Eur J 12:1760–1766

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Wei GT, Yang ZS, Chen CJ (2003) Anal Chim Acta 488:183–192

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Papaiconomou N, Lee JM, Salminen J, von Stosch M, Prausnitz JM (2008) Ind Eng Chem Res 47(15):5080–5086

    Google Scholar 

  63. Shimojo K, Goto M (2004) Anal Chem 76:5039–5044

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Shan HX, Li ZJ, Li M (2007) Microchim Acta 159:95–100

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Li ZJ, Wei Q, Yuan R, Zhou X, Liu HZ, Shan HX, Song QJ (2007) Talanta 71:68–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Li ZJ, Lu NP, Zhou X, Song QJ (2007) J Pharmaceut Biomed 43:1609–1614

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Visser AE, Swatloski RP, Reichert WM, Mayton R, Sheff S, Wierzbicki A, Davis JH, Rogers RD (2001) Chem Commun 135–136

  68. Visser AE, Swatloski RP, Reichert WM, Mayton R, Sheff S, Wierzbicki A, Davis JH, Rogers RD (2002) Environ Sci Technol 36:2523–2529

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Ouadi A, Gadenne B, Hesemann P, Moreau JJE, Billard I, Gaillard C, Mekki S, Moutiers G (2006) Chem Eur J 12:3074–3081

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Ouadi A, Klimchuk O, Gaillard C, Billard I (2007) Green Chem 9:1160–1162

    Google Scholar 

  71. Germani R, Mancini MV, Savellia G, Spreti N (2007) Tetrahedron Lett 48:1767–1769

    Google Scholar 

  72. Vidal L, Chisvert A, Canals A, Salvador A (2007) J Chromatogr A 1174:95–103

    Google Scholar 

  73. He CY, Li SH, Liu HW, Li KA, Liu F (2005) J Chromatogr A 1082:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  74. Lei ZG, Chen BH, Li CY (2007) Chem Eng Sci 62:3940–3950

    Google Scholar 

  75. Yang P, Lau CW, Liu X, Lu JZ (2007) Anal Chem 79:8476–8485

  76. Li SH, He CY, Liu HW, Li KA, Liu F (2005) J Chromatogr B 826:58–62

  77. Liu JF, Peng JF, Chi YG, Jiang GB (2005) Talanta 65:705–709

    Google Scholar 

  78. Cieniecka- Rosłonkiewicz A, Sas A, Przybysz E, Morytz B, Syguda A, Pernak J (2007) Chem Biodivers 4:2218–2224

  79. Cull SG, Holbrey JD, Vargas-Mora V, Seddon KR, Lye GJ (2000) Biotechnol Bioeng 69:227–233

    Google Scholar 

  80. Matsumoto M, Ohtani T, Kondo K (2007) J Membrane Sci 289:92–96

    Google Scholar 

  81. Richardson SD (2002) Trend Anal Chem 22:666–684

    Google Scholar 

  82. Richardson SD (2002) Anal Chem 74:2719–2742

    Google Scholar 

  83. Richardson SD (2003) Anal Chem 75:2831–2857

    Google Scholar 

  84. Richardson SD (2004) Anal Chem 76:3337–3364

    Google Scholar 

  85. Smirnova SV, Torocheshnikova II, Formanovsky AA, Pletnev IV (2004) Anal Bioanal Chem 378:1369–1375

    Google Scholar 

  86. Wang JJ, Pei YC, Zhao Y, Zhang SJ (2005) Chinese J Chem 23:662–664

    Google Scholar 

  87. Wang JJ, Pei YC, Zhao Y, Hu ZG (2005) Green Chem 7:196–202

  88. Wang JH, Cheng DH, Chen XW, Du Z, Fang ZL (2007) Anal Chem 79:620–625

    Google Scholar 

  89. Nishimura N, Nomura Y, Nakamura N, Ohno H (2005) Biomaterials 26:5558–5563

    Google Scholar 

  90. Leone AM, Weatherly SC, Williams ME, Thorp HH, Murray RW (2001) J Am Chem Soc 123:218–222

    Google Scholar 

  91. Du Z, Yu YL, Wang JH (2007) Chem Eur J 13:2130–2213

    Google Scholar 

  92. Shimojo K, Nakashima K, Kamiya N, Goto M (2006) Biomacromolecules 7:2–5

    Google Scholar 

  93. Shimojo K, Kamiya N, Tani F, Naganawa H, Naruta Y, Goto M (2006) Anal Chem 78:7735–7742

    Google Scholar 

  94. Kubota F, Koyanagi Y, Nakashima K, Shimojo K, Kamiya N, Goto M (2007) Solvent Extr Res Dev 14:115–120

    Google Scholar 

  95. De Jong WH, Hagens WI, Krystek P, Burger MC, Sips AJ, Geertsma RE (2008) Biomaterials 29:1912–1919

    Google Scholar 

  96. Yang RSH, Chang LW, Wu JP, Tsai MH, Wang HJ, Kuo YC, Yeh TK, Yang CS, Lin PP (2007) Environ Health Persp 115:1339–1343

    Google Scholar 

  97. Ryan JA, Overton KW, Speight ME, Oldenburg CN, Loo LN, Robarge W, Franze S, Feldheim DL (2007) Anal Chem 79:9150–9159

    Google Scholar 

  98. Wei GT, Yang Z, Lee CY, Yang HY, Wang CRC (2004) J Am Chem Soc 126:5036–5037

    Google Scholar 

  99. Huang HL, Wang HP, Wei GZ, Sun IW, Huang JF, Yang YW (2006) Environ Sci Technol 40:4761–4764

    Google Scholar 

  100. Nakashima T, Kawai T (2005) Chem Commun 1643–1645

  101. Andre M, Loidl J, Laus G, Schottenberger H, Bentivoglio G, Wurst K, Ongania KH (2005) Anal Chem 77:702–705

    Google Scholar 

  102. Liu FH, Jiang Y (2007) J Chromatogr A 1167:116–119

    Google Scholar 

  103. Tholey A, Heinzle E (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 386:24–37

    Google Scholar 

  104. Armstrong DW, Zhang LK He LF, Gross ML (2001) Anal Chem 73:3679–3686

    Google Scholar 

  105. Tholey A (2006) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:1761–1768

    Google Scholar 

  106. Moghaddam MZ, Heinzle E, Lasaosa M, Tholey A (2006) Anal Bioanal Chem 384:215–224

    Google Scholar 

  107. Mank B, Stahl B, Boehm G (2004) Anal Chem 76:2938–2950

    Google Scholar 

  108. Vaidyanathan S, Gaskell S, Goodacre R (2006) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:1192–1198

    Google Scholar 

  109. Tholey A, Moghaddam MZ, Heinzle E (2006) Anal Chem 78:291–297

    Google Scholar 

  110. Broch SC, Berthod A, Armstrong DW (2003) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 17:553–560

    Google Scholar 

  111. Li YL, Gross ML (2004) J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 15:1833–1837

    Google Scholar 

  112. Hurtado P, Hortal AR, Haya BM (2007) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:3161–3164

    Google Scholar 

  113. Laremore TN, Zhang FM, Linhard RJ (2007) Anal Chem 79:1604–1610

    Google Scholar 

  114. Laremore TN, Murugesan S, Park TJ, Avci FY, Zagorevski DV, Linhardt RJ (2006) Anal Chem 78:1774–1779

    Google Scholar 

  115. Catharino RD, Marques LA, Santos LA, Baptista BS, Gloria EM, Calori-Domingues MA, Facco EMP, Eberlin MN (2005) Anal Chem 77:8155–8157

    Google Scholar 

  116. Darsow KH, Lange HA, Resch M, Walter C, Buchholz R (2007) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 21:2188–2194

    Google Scholar 

  117. Jones JJ, Batoy SM, Wilkins CL (2005) J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 16:2000–2008

    Google Scholar 

  118. Li YL, Gross ML (2005) J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 16:679–682

    Google Scholar 

  119. Cull SG, Holbrey JD, Vargas-Mora V, Seddon KR, Lye GJ (2000) Biotechnol Bioeng 69:227–233

    Google Scholar 

  120. Pfruender H, Amidjojo M, Kragl U, Weuster-Botz D (2004) Angew Chem Int Ed 43:4529–4531

    Google Scholar 

  121. Tholey A, Zabet-Moghaddam M, Heinzle E (2006) Anal Chem 78:291–297

    Google Scholar 

  122. Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2002) J Am Chem Soc 124:4974–4975

    Google Scholar 

  123. Kikpelainen I, Xie HB, King A, Granstrom M, Heikkinen S, Argyropoulos DS (2007) J Agric Food Chem 55:9142–9148

    Google Scholar 

  124. Fort DA, Swatloski RP, Moyna P, Rogers RD, Moyna G (2006) Chem Commun 714–716

  125. Moulthrop JS, Swatloski RP, Moyna G, Rogers RD (2005) Chem Commun 1557–1559

  126. Tran CD, Oliveira D, Yu SF (2006) Anal Chem 78:1349–1356

    Google Scholar 

  127. Tran CD, Oliveira D (2006) Anal Biochem 356:51–58

    Google Scholar 

  128. Nockemann P, Binnemans K, Driesen K (2005) Chem Phys Lett 415:131–136

    Google Scholar 

  129. Earle MJ, Esperanca JMSS, Gilea MA, Lopes JNC, Rebelo LPN, Magee JW, Seddon KR, Widegren JA (2006) Nature 439:831–834

    Google Scholar 

  130. Earle MJ, Gordon CM, Plechkova NV, Seddon KR, Welton T (2007) Anal Chem 79:758–764

    Google Scholar 

  131. Swatloski RP, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2003) Green Chem 5:296–299

    Google Scholar 

  132. Wooster TJ, Johanson KM, Fraser KJ, MacFarlane DR, Scott JL (2006) Green Chem 8:691–696

    Google Scholar 

  133. Kroon MC, Buijs W, Peters CJ, Witkamp GJ (2006) Green Chem 8:241–245

    Google Scholar 

  134. Kragl U, Eckstein M, Kaftzik N (2002) Curr Opin Biotech 13:565–571

    Google Scholar 

  135. Turner MB, Spear SK, Huddleston JG, Holbrey JD Rogers RD (2003) Green Chem 5:443–447

    Google Scholar 

  136. Sate D, Janssen MH, Stephens G, Sheldon RA, Seddon KR, Lu JR (2007) Green Chem 9:859–867

    Google Scholar 

  137. Chefson A, Auclair K (2007) Chem Bio Chem 8:1189–1197

    Google Scholar 

  138. Pernak J, Sobaszkiewicz K, Mirsk I (2003) Green Chem 5:52–56

    Google Scholar 

  139. Ropel L, Belveze LS, Aki SNVK, Stadtherr MA, Brennecke JF (2005) Green Chem 7:83–90

    Google Scholar 

  140. Pretti C, Chiappe C, Pieraccini D, Gregori M, Abramo F, Monni G, Intorre L (2006) Green Chem 8:238–240

    Google Scholar 

  141. Docherty KM, Hebbeler SZ, Kulpa CF (2006) Green Chem 8:560–567

    Google Scholar 

  142. Stolte S, Arning J, Weber UB, Matzke M, Stock F, Thiele K, Uerdingen M, Biermann UW, Jastorff B, Ranke J (2006) Green Chem 8:621–629

    Google Scholar 

  143. Couling DJ, Bernot RJ, Docherty KM, Dixon JK, Maginn MJ (2006) Green Chem 8:82–90

    Google Scholar 

  144. Frade RFM, Matias A, Branco LC, Afonso CAM, Duarte CMM (2007) Green Chem 9:873–877

    Google Scholar 

  145. Couling DJ, Bernot RJ, Docherty KM, Dixon JK, Maginn EJ (2006) Green Chem 8:82–90

    Google Scholar 

  146. Jastorff B, Störmann R, Ranke J, Mölter K, Stock F, Oberheitmann B, Hoffmann W, Hoffmann J, Nüchter M, Ondruschka B, Filser J (2003) Green Chem 5:136–142

    Google Scholar 

  147. Frade RFM, Matias A, Branco LC, Afonso CA, Duarte CMM (2007) Green Chem 9:873–877

    Google Scholar 

  148. Stetter JR, Li J (2008) Chem Rev 108:352–366

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20621703, 20577059).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jing-fu Liu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, R., Liu, Jf., Yin, Yg. et al. Ionic liquids in sample preparation. Anal Bioanal Chem 393, 871–883 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2445-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2445-6

Keywords

Navigation