Abstract
A spidernet is a graph obtained by adding large cycles to an almost regular tree and considered as an example having intermediate properties of lattices and trees in the study of discrete-time quantum walks on graphs. We introduce the Grover walk on a spidernet and its one-dimensional reduction. We derive an integral representation of the n-step transition amplitude in terms of the free Meixner law which appears as the spectral distribution. As an application we determine the class of spidernets which exhibit localization. Our method is based on quantum probabilistic spectral analysis of graphs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahlbrecht A., Scholz V.B., Werner A.H.: Disordered quantum walks in one lattice dimension. J. Math. Phys. 52, 102201 (2011)
Ambainis, A., Bach, E., Nayak, A., Vishwanath, A., Watrous, J.: One-dimensional quantum walks. In: Proc. 33rd Annual ACM Symp. Theory of Computing, New York: ACM, 2001, pp. 37–49
Ambainis, A., Kempe, J., Rivosh, A.: Coins make quantum walks faster. In: Proc. 16th ACM-SIAM SODA Philadelphia PA: SIAM, 2005, pp. 1099–1108
Ambainis A.: Quantum walks and their algorithmic applications. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 1, 507–518 (2003)
Anshelevich M.: Free Meixner states. Commun. Math. Phys. 276, 863–899 (2007)
Bo zejko M., Bryc W.: On a class of free Lévy laws related to regression problem. J. Funct. Anal. 236, 59–77 (2006)
Cantero M.J., Grünbaum F.A., Moral L., Velázquez L.: Matrix-valued Szegő polynomials and quantum random walks. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 63, 464–507 (2010)
Cantero M.J., Grünbaum F.A., Moral L., Velazquez L.: One-dimensional quantum walks with one defect. Rev. Math. Phys. 24, 1250002 (2012)
Chihara, T.S.: An Introduction to Orthogonal Polynomials. New York: Dover, 2011
Chisaki K., Hamada M., Konno N., Segawa E.: Limit theorems for discrete-time quantum walks on trees. Interdiscip. Inform. Sci. 15, 423–429 (2009)
Deift, P.A.: Orthogonal Polynomials and Random Matrices: A Riemann-Hilbert Approach, Courant Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 3, Povidence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 1999
Gnutzmann S., Smilansky U.: Quantum graphs: Applications to quantum chaos and universal spectral statistics. Adv. Phys. 55, 527–625 (2006)
Gudder, S.P.: Quantum Probability. London-New York: Academic Press, 1988
Grünbaum, F.A., Velázquez, L., Werner, A.H., Werner, R.F.: Recurrence for discrete time unitary evolutions. Commun. Math. Phys. 320(2), 543–569 (2013)
Hora, A., Obata, N.: Quantum Probability and Spectral Analysis of Graphs. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 2007
Igarashi, D., Obata, N.: Asymptotic spectral analysis of growing graphs: Odd graphs and spidernets. Banach Center Publications 73, 2006, Warsaw: Banach Center, pp. 245–265
Inui N., Konno N., Segawa E.: One-dimensional three-state quantum walk. Phys. Rev. E 72, 056112 (2005)
Joye A., Merkli M.: Dynamical localization of quantum walks in random environments. J. Stat. Phys. 140, 1023–1053 (2010)
Karski M., Föster L., Choi J.-M., Steffen A., Alt W., Meschede D., Widera A.: Quantum walk in position space with single optically trapped atoms. Science 325, 174–177 (2009)
Kesten H.: Symmetric random walks on groups. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 92, 336–354 (1959)
Konno N.: Quantum random walks in one dimension. Quantum Inf. Proc. 1, 345–354 (2002)
Konno N.: A new type of limit theorems for the one-dimensional quantum random walk. J. Math. Soc. Japan 57, 1179–1195 (2005)
Konno, N.: Quantum walks. In: “Quantum Potential Theory, U. Franz, M. Schürmann, eds.,” Lecture Notes in Math. 1954, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer, 2008, pp. 309–452
Konno N., Łuczak T., Segawa E.: Limit measures of inhomogeneous discrete-time quantum walks in one dimension. Quantum Inf. Proc. 12, 33–53 (2013)
Konno N., Segawa E.: Localization of discrete-time quantum walks on a half line via the CGMV method. Quant.Inf. Comp. 11, 0485–0495 (2011)
Meyer D.A.: From quantum cellular automata to quantum lattice gases. J. Stat. Phys. 85, 551–574 (1996)
Obata N.: One-mode interacting Fock spaces and random walks on graphs. Stochastics 84, 383–392 (2012)
Saitoh N., Yoshida H.: The infinite divisibility and orthogonal polynomials with a constant recursion formula in free probability theory. Probab. Math. Stat. 21, 159–170 (2001)
Segawa, E.: Localization of quantum walks induced by recurrence properties of random walks. Theoretical and mathematical aspects of the discrete time quantum walk. J. Commun. Math. Phys. Nanosci. (2013, in press)
Shikano Y., Katsura H.: Localization and factuality in inhomogeneous quantum walks with self-duality. Phys. Rev. E 82, 031122 (2010)
Sunada T., Tate T.: Asymptotic behavior of quantum walks on the line. J. Funct. Anal. 262, 2608–2645 (2012)
Szegedy, M.: Quantum speed-up of Markov chain based algorithms, In: Proc. 45th Annual IEEE Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS’04), New Brunswick, NS: IEEE, 2004, pp. 32–41
Urakawa H.: The Cheeger constant, the heat kernel, and the Green kernel of an infinite graph. Monatsh. Math. 138, 225–237 (2003)
Venegas-Andraca, S.E.: Quantum Walks for Computer Scientists. San Rafael, CA: Morgan and Claypool, 2008
Watabe K., Kobayashi N., Katori M., Konno N.: Limit distributions of two-dimensional quantum walks. Phys. Rev. A 77, 062331 (2008)
Watrous J.: Quantum simulations of classical random walks and undirected graph connectivity. J. Comp. Syst. Sci. 62, 376–391 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by M. Aizenman
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Konno, N., Obata, N. & Segawa, E. Localization of the Grover Walks on Spidernets and Free Meixner Laws. Commun. Math. Phys. 322, 667–695 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-013-1742-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00220-013-1742-x