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Sonification and haptic feedback in addition to visual feedback enhances complex motor task learning

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Abstract

Concurrent augmented feedback has been shown to be less effective for learning simple motor tasks than for complex tasks. However, as mostly artificial tasks have been investigated, transfer of results to tasks in sports and rehabilitation remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, the effect of different concurrent feedback was evaluated in trunk-arm rowing. It was then investigated whether multimodal audiovisual and visuohaptic feedback are more effective for learning than visual feedback only. Naïve subjects (N = 24) trained in three groups on a highly realistic virtual reality-based rowing simulator. In the visual feedback group, the subject’s oar was superimposed to the target oar, which continuously became more transparent when the deviation between the oars decreased. Moreover, a trace of the subject’s trajectory emerged if deviations exceeded a threshold. The audiovisual feedback group trained with oar movement sonification in addition to visual feedback to facilitate learning of the velocity profile. In the visuohaptic group, the oar movement was inhibited by path deviation-dependent braking forces to enhance learning of spatial aspects. All groups significantly decreased the spatial error (tendency in visual group) and velocity error from baseline to the retention tests. Audiovisual feedback fostered learning of the velocity profile significantly more than visuohaptic feedback. The study revealed that well-designed concurrent feedback fosters complex task learning, especially if the advantages of different modalities are exploited. Further studies should analyze the impact of within-feedback design parameters and the transferability of the results to other tasks in sports and rehabilitation.

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Acknowledgments

We want to thank Prof. Nicole Wenderoth for her enriching comments. We thank Alessandro Rotta, Pascal Wespe, and Marco Bader for their indispensable technical contributions to the design and setup of the simulator. Moreover, thanks go to Michael Herold-Nadig for his support on technical and safety issues and Mark van Raai for designing the visual feedback and rowing scenario. We want to thank Stefan Seiterle, Luca Lörtscher, Florian Kübler, and Nicolas Gerig for their help in conducting the measurements, and the subjects for participating. We thank Andrew Pennycott for proofreading the manuscript. This work was supported by ETH Zurich, the SNF-Grant “Impact of Different Feedback Modalities on Complex Skill Learning,” CR22I2 135101/1, and the SNF-Grant “Acceleration of complex motor learning by skill level-dependent feedback design and automatic selection”, CR23I2_152817.

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  1. Sensory-Motor Systems (SMS) Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3 (ML G 57), 8092, Zurich, Switzerland

    Roland Sigrist, Georg Rauter, Laura Marchal-Crespo, Robert Riener & Peter Wolf

  2. Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Roland Sigrist, Georg Rauter, Laura Marchal-Crespo, Robert Riener & Peter Wolf

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  1. Roland Sigrist
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Correspondence to Roland Sigrist.

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Sigrist, R., Rauter, G., Marchal-Crespo, L. et al. Sonification and haptic feedback in addition to visual feedback enhances complex motor task learning. Exp Brain Res 233, 909–925 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4167-7

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