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Osteogenic Potential of Biosilica on Human Osteoblast-Like (SaOS-2) Cells

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Abstract

Biosilica is a natural polymer, synthesized by the poriferan enzyme silicatein from monomeric silicate substrates. Biosilica stimulates mineralizing activity and gene expression of SaOS-2 cells. To study its effect on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA), SaOS-2 cells were grown on different silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates (bone slices, Ca–P-coated coverslips, glass coverslips). Growth on these substrates induced the formation of HA nodules, organized in longitudinal arrays or spherical spots. Nodules of sizes above 1 μm were composed of irregularly arranged HA prism-like nanorods, formed by aggregates of three to eight SaOS-2 cells. Moreover, growth on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates elicited increased [3H]dT incorporation into DNA, indicative of enhanced cell proliferation. Consequently, an in vitro-based bioassay was established to determine the ratio between [3H]dT incorporation and HA formation. This ratio was significantly higher for cells that grew on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates than for cells on Ca–P-coated coverslips or plain glass slips. Hence, we propose that this ratio of in vitro-determined parameters reflects the osteogenic effect of different substrates on bone-forming cells. Finally, qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that growth of SaOS-2 cells on a silicatein/biosilica matrix upregulated BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, inducer of bone formation) expression. In contrast, TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, modulator of bone resorption) expression remained unaffected. We conclude that biosilica shows pronounced osteogenicity in vitro, qualifying this material for studies of bone replacement also in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants from the German Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (project Center of Excellence BIOTECmarin), the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Schr 277/10-1), the International Human Frontier Science Program, the European Commission (project 244967-Mem-S [Bottom-up design and fabrication of industrial bio-inorganic nanoporous membranes with novel functionalities based on principles of protein self-assembly and biomineralization]), the Johannes Gutenberg-University Research Center for Complex Matter (COMATT), and the International S & T Cooperation Program of China (grant 2008DFA00980).

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  1. Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Matthias Wiens, Xiaohong Wang, Ute Schloßmacher, Heinz C. Schröder & Werner E. G. Müller

  2. National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie, Beijing, 100037, China

    Xiaohong Wang

  3. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany

    Ingo Lieberwirth & Gunnar Glasser

  4. Aino Health Science Center, Aino University, 2-17-3 Shibuya, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-0002, Japan

    Hiroshi Ushijima

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  1. Matthias Wiens
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Wiens, M., Wang, X., Schloßmacher, U. et al. Osteogenic Potential of Biosilica on Human Osteoblast-Like (SaOS-2) Cells. Calcif Tissue Int 87, 513–524 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00223-010-9408-6

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