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Preparation, characteristics, convection and applications of magnetic nanofluids: A review

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Abstract

Magnetic nanofluids (MNfs), the colloidal suspension of ferromagnetic nanomaterial, have been taken into research fascinatingly. After contemplating its distinctive interesting properties and unique eximious features it offers innumerous application not only in heat transfer field but also immensely prevalent in medical, biological, aerospace, electronics and solar sciences. This review paper epitomizes and perusing the research work done on heat transfer application of MNfs and encapsulate it for the future research support. Moreover, numerical and experimental, both the approaches has been included for the insightful analysis of phenomenon to apprehend augmentation in heat transfer by MNfs. This article first underlines the importance of appropriate methods of preparation of MNfs as well as its effects on the thermophysical properties of MNfs. Subsequently, the paper comprehended the descriptive analysis of augmentation of convection heat transfer and the effect of magnetic field on the behavior MNfs. Additionally, the effect of magnetic field intensity has been taken as a pertinent parameter and correlations have been developed for thermal conductivity, viscosity and heat transfer coefficient based on the reviewed data. The paper concluded with the tremendous applications of the MNfs and the futuristic plan to support the potential areas for future research.

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Abbreviations

A s :

Surface area of solid particle

C p :

Specific heat

d :

Diameter

DIW :

De-ionized water

DW :

Distilled water

g :

Acceleration due to gravity

Gr :

Grashof number

Gr m :

Magnetic Grashof number

h :

Heat Transfer coefficient

H :

Magnetic field

∇H i :

Magnetic field gradient

I :

Current

k :

Thermal conductivity

K :

Pyromagnetic coefficient

M :

Magnetization

m :

Mass concentration

Nu :

Nusselt number

Pr :

Prandtl number

q :

Heat flux

r :

Solid particle radius

Ra :

Rayleigh number

Re :

Reynolds number

Ra m :

Magnetic Rayleigh number

R tot :

Total Rayleigh number

T :

Temperature

α :

thermal diffusivity

β :

thermal expansion coefficient

η :

dynamic viscosity

∇ :

gradient operator

η 0 :

Base fluid viscosity

ρ :

Density

μ 0 :

Vacuum permeability

Φ :

particle concentration

agg. :

Aggregate

avg. :

Average

bf :

base fluid

eff. :

Effective

nl :

Interfacial layer

max :

Maximum

nf :

Nanofluid

np :

Nanoparticles

p :

Particle

pred. :

Predicted

Ψ :

Sphericity

0 :

Base fluid

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  1. Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    Aditya Kumar & Sudhakar Subudhi

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  1. Aditya Kumar
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  2. Sudhakar Subudhi
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Correspondence to Sudhakar Subudhi.

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Kumar, A., Subudhi, S. Preparation, characteristics, convection and applications of magnetic nanofluids: A review. Heat Mass Transfer 54, 241–265 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2114-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00231-017-2114-4

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