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Effect of Alteration Zones on Water Quality: A Case Study from Biga Peninsula, Turkey

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Abstract

Widespread and intense zones of silicified, propylitic, and argillic alteration can be found in the Çan volcanics of Biga Peninsula, northwest Turkey. Most of the springs in the study area surface out from the boundary between fractured aquifer (silicified zone) and impervious boundary (argillic zone). This study focuses on two such springs in Kirazlı area (Kirazlı and Balaban springs) with a distinct quality pattern. Accordingly, field parameters (temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity), major anion and cation (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate), heavy metals (aluminum, arsenic, barium, chromium, cobalt, cupper, iron, lithium, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc), and isotopes (oxygen-18, deuterium, and tritium) were determined in water samples taken from these springs during 2005 through 2007. The chemical analyses showed that aluminum concentrations were found to be two orders of magnitude greater in Kirazlı waters (mean value 13813.25 μg/L). The levels of this element exceeded the maximum allowable limits given in national and international standards for drinking-water quality. In addition, Balaban and Kirazlı springs are >55 years old according to their tritium levels; Kirazlı spring is older than Balaban spring. Kirazlı spring is also more enriched than Balaban spring based in oxygen-18 and deuterium values. Furthermore, Kirazlı spring water has been in contact with altered rocks longer than Balaban spring water, according to its relatively high chloride and electrical conductivity values.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Turkish Academy of Sciences and the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey

    Alper Baba

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey

    Orhan Gunduz

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  1. Alper Baba
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  2. Orhan Gunduz
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Correspondence to Alper Baba.

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Baba, A., Gunduz, O. Effect of Alteration Zones on Water Quality: A Case Study from Biga Peninsula, Turkey. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 58, 499–513 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-009-9406-8

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