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Pyroligneous acid—the smoky acidic liquid from plant biomass

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Abstract

Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a complex highly oxygenated aqueous liquid fraction obtained by the condensation of pyrolysis vapors, which result from the thermochemical breakdown or pyrolysis of plant biomass components such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. PA produced by the slow pyrolysis of plant biomass is a yellowish brown or dark brown liquid with acidic pH and usually comprises a complex mixture of guaiacols, catechols, syringols, phenols, vanillins, furans, pyrans, carboxaldehydes, hydroxyketones, sugars, alkyl aryl ethers, nitrogenated derivatives, alcohols, acetic acid, and other carboxylic acids. The phenolic components, namely guaiacol, alkyl guaiacols, syringol, and alkyl syringols, contribute to the smoky odor of PA. PA finds application in diverse areas, as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, plant growth stimulator, coagulant for natural rubber, and termiticidal and pesticidal agent; is a source for valuable chemicals; and imparts a smoky flavor for food.

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Acknowledgments

The first author acknowledges the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) for the post-doctoral fellowship. The authors are thankful to UTM for the Research University Grant Scheme (Q.J130000.2509.03H84 and 06H37), and thanks are due also to the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) and the Malaysian Pineapple Industry Board for the collaboration and financial assistance (4B072 and 4B096).

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  1. Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

    Sindhu Mathew & Zainul Akmar Zakaria

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Mathew, S., Zakaria, Z.A. Pyroligneous acid—the smoky acidic liquid from plant biomass. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99, 611–622 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-014-6242-1

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