Abstract
The present review describes the possibility of in vitro meat production with the help of advanced co-culturing methods. In vitro meat production method could be a possible alternative for the conventional meat production. Originally, the research on in vitro meat production was initiated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for space voyages. The required key qualities for accepting in vitro meat for consumption would be good efficiency ratio, increased protein synthesis rate in skeletal muscles, and mimicking the conventional meat qualities. In vitro culturing of meat is possible with the use of skeletal muscle tissue engineering, stem cell, cell co-culture, and tissue culture methods. Co-culture of myoblast and fibroblast is believed as one of the major techniques for in vitro meat production. In our lab, we have co-cultured myoblast and fibroblast. We believe that a billion pounds of in vitro meat could be produced from one animal for consumption. However, we require a great deal of research on in vitro meat production.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allen RE, Sheehan SM, Taylor RG, Kendall TL, Rice GM (1995) Hepatocyte growth factor activates quiescent skeletal muscle satellite cells in vitro. J Cell Physiol 165:307–312
Benjaminson MA, Gilchriest JA, Lorenz M (2002) In vitro edible muscle protein production system (MPPS): stage 1, fish. Acta Astronautica 51:879–889
Boney CM, Moats-Staats BM, Stiles AD, D'Ercole AJ (1994) Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-binding proteins during adipogenesis. Endocrinology 135:1863–1868
Bredahl L, Grunert KG, Fertin C (1998) Relating consumer perceptions of pork quality to physical product characteristics. Food Qual Prefer 9:8
Cain F (2005) Artificial meat could be grown on a large scale. Universe Today
Cantini M, Massimino ML, Rapizzi E, Libera LD, Catani C, Carraro U (1994) Viability of myoblast-macrophage co-cultures. Basic Appl Myol 4:403–406
Capper JL (2011) The environmental impact of beef production in the United States: 1977 compared with 2007. J Anim Sci 89:4249–4261
Carraro U, Cantini M (1996) Control of cell proliferation by macrophage myoblast interactions. Basic Appl Myol 6:483–488
CDC (2012) CDC estimates of foodborne illness in the United States. http://www.cdc.gov/foodborneburden/2011-foodborne-estimates.html Accessed.
Claeys E, De Smet S, Balcaen A, Raes K, Demeyer D (2004) Quantification of fresh meat peptides by SDS-PAGE in relation to ageing time and taste intensity. Meat Sci 67:281–288
Collins CA, Zammit PS, Ruiz AP, Morgan JE, Partridge TA (2007) A population of myogenic stem cells that survives skeletal muscle aging. Stem Cells 25:885–894
Datar I, Betti M (2010) Possibilities for an in vitro meat production system. Inno Food Sci Emerg 11:13–22
Dennis RG, Kosnik PE (2000) Excitability and isometric contractile properties of mammalian skeletal muscle constructs engineered in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 36:327–335
Despommier D (2008) Vertical farm essay I. Vertical Farm
Dodson MV, Mathison BA (1988) Comparison of ovine and rat muscle-derived satellite cells: response to insulin. Tissue Cell 20:909–918
Dodson MV, Vierck JL, Hossneff KL, Byrne K, McNamara JP (1997) The development and utility of a defined muscle and fat co-culture system. Tissue Cell 29:517–524
Doumit ME, Cook DR, Merkel RA (1993) Fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor-BB stimulate proliferate of clonally derived porcine myogenic satellite cells. J Cell Physiol 157:326–332
Egbert R, Borders C (2006) Achieving success with meat analogs. Food technol-Chicago
Ezashi T, Telugu BP, Alexenko AP, Sachdev S, Sinha S, Roberts RM (2009) Derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells from pig somatic cells. PNAS 106:10993–10998
FAO (2006) Livestock's long shadow-Environmental issues and options. FAO publications
FAO (2011) World Livestock 2011. Livestock in food security. FAO publications
Greger M (2007) The human/animal interface: emergence and resurgence of zoonotic infectious diseases. Crit Rev Microbiol 33:243–299
Jarett L, Wong EHA, Macaulay SL, Smith JA (1985) Insulin mediators from rat skeletal muscle has differential effects on insulin sensitive pathways of intact adipocytes. Science 227:533–535
Key TJ, Davey GK, Appleby PN (1999) Health benefits of a vegetarian diet. P Nutri Soci 58:271–275
Kruglinski S, Wright K (2008) I'll have my burger petri-dish bred, with extra omega-3. Discover
Kurzweil R (2005) The singularity is near. Penguin Books ISBN 0-14-303788-9
Lau DCW, Shillabeer G, Li ZH, Wong KL, Varzaneh FE, Tough SC (1996) Paracrine interactions in adipose tissue development and growth. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 20:16–25
Levine K (2008) Lab-grown meat a reality, but who will eat it?. National Public Radio
Macintyre B (2007) Test-tube meat science’s next leap. The Australian
Masahiro K, Jongpil K, Kazue K, Mee-Hae K (2013) Preferential growth of skeletal myoblasts and fibroblasts in co-culture on a dendrimer-immobilized surface. J Biosci Bioeng 115:96–99
Mauro A (1961) Satellite cell of skeletal muscle fibers. J Biophy Biochem Cy 9:493–495
McFarland DC, Doumit ME, Minshall RD (1988) The turkey myogenic satellite cell: optimization of in vitro proliferation and differentiation. Tissue Cell 20:899–908
Mizuno Y, Chang H, Umeda K, Niwa A, Iwasa T, Awaya T, Fukada S, Yamamoto H, Yamanaka S, Nakahata T, Heike T (2010) Generation of skeletal muscle stem/progenitor cells from murine induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 24:2245–2253
Muthuraman P (2014a) Effect of cortisol on caspases in the co-cultured C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173:980–988
Muthuraman P (2014b) Effect of co-culturing on the myogenic and adipogenic marker gene expression. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 173:571–578
Muthuraman P, Inho H (2014) Application of cell co-culture system to study fat and muscle cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 98:7359–7364
Muthuraman P, Ravikumar S (2013) Impact of stress hormone on adipogenesis in the 3T3-L1 cells. Cytotechnology 66:619–624
Muthuraman P, Dawoon J, Hwang IH (2012) Co-culture of C2C12 and 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells alters gene expression of calpains, caspases and heat-shock proteins. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 48:577–582
Muthuraman P, Hemalatha M, Ravikumar S, Vikramathithan J, Ganesh I, Ramkumar K (2013) Stress hormone on the mRNA expression of myogenin, MyoD, Myf5, PAX3 and PAX7. Cytotechnology 66:839–844
Muthuraman P, Ravikumar S, Muthuviveganandavel V (2014) Effect of cortisol on calpains in the C2C12 and 3T3-L1 cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 172:3153–3162
Pimentel D, Pimentel M (2003) Sustainability of meat-based and plant-based diets and the environment. Am J Clin Nutr 78:660S–663S
Rao N, Evans S, Stewart D, Spencer KH, Sheikh F, Hui EE, Christman KL (2013) Fibroblasts influence muscle progenitor differentiation and alignment in contact independent and dependent manners in organized co-culture devices. Biomed Microdevices 15:161–169
Ravikumar S, Muthuraman P (2014) Cortisol effect on heat shock proteins in the c2c12 and 3t3-l1 cells. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 50:581–586
Roelen BA, Lopes SM (2008) Of stem cells and gametes: similarities and differences. Curr Med Chem 15:1249–1256
Siegelbaum DJ (2008) In search of a test-tube hamburger. Time
Takahashi K, Yamanaka S (2006) Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors. Cell 126:663–676
Temple J (2009) The future of food: the no-kill carnivore. Portfolio.com
Tonsor GT, Olynk NJ (2011) Impacts of animal well-being and welfare media on meat demand. J Agri Econo 62(1):13
Tuomisto HL, de Mattos MJ (2011) Environmental impacts of cultured meat production. Environ Sci Technol 45:6117–6123
Zhang Y, Li H, Lian Z, Li N (2010) Normal fibroblasts promote myodifferentiation of myoblasts from sex-linked dwarf chicken via up-regulation of β1 integrin. Cell Biol Int 34:1119–1127
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the KU-Smart Professor Program, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pandurangan, M., Kim, D.H. A novel approach for in vitro meat production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99, 5391–5395 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6671-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-015-6671-5