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Living conditions, abundance and biomass of under-ice fauna in the Storfjord area (western Barents Sea, Arctic) in late winter (March 2003)

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Abstract

The under-ice habitat and fauna were studied during a typical winter situation at three stations in the western Barents Sea. Dense pack ice (7–10/10) prevailed and ice thickness ranged over <0.1–1.6 m covered by <0.1–0.6 m of snow. Air temperatures ranged between −1.8 and −27.5°C. The ice undersides were level, white and smooth. Temperature and salinity profiles in the under-ice water (0–5 m depth) were not stratified (T=−1.9 to −2.0°C and S=34.2–34.7). Concentrations of inorganic nutrients were high and concentrations of algal pigments were very low (0.02 μg chlorophyll a l−1), indicating the state of biological winter. Contents of particulate organic carbon and nitrogen ranged over 84.2–241.3 and 5.3–16.4 μg l−1, respectively, the C/N ratio over 11.2–15.5 pointing to the dominance of detritus in the under-ice water. Abundances of amphipods at the ice underside were lower than in other seasons: 0–1.8 ind. m−2 for Apherusa glacialis, 0–0.7 ind. m−2 for Onisimus spp., and 0–0.8 ind. m−2 for Gammarus wilkitzkii. A total of 22 metazoan taxa were found in the under-ice water, with copepods as the most diverse and numerous group. Total abundances ranged over 181–2,487 ind. m−3 (biomass: 70–2,439 μg C m−3), showing lower values than in spring, summer and autumn. The dominant species was the calanoid copepod Pseudocalanus minutus (34–1,485 ind. m−3), contributing 19–65% to total abundances, followed by copepod nauplii (85–548 ind. m−3) and the cyclopoid copepod Oithona similis (44–262 ind. m−3). Sympagic (ice-associated) organisms occurred only rarely in the under-ice water layer.

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Acknowledgements

I am grateful to the captain, crew and chief scientist U. Schauer for constant support during the winter cruise ARK 19/1 with RV “Polarstern.” The help of many colleagues, in particular R. Kiko, A. Scheltz, and H. Schünemann, during the hard ice work, including polar bear watching, is gratefully acknowledged. I thank my colleagues from the zooplankton group H. Auel, I. Fetzer, H.J. Hirche, and B. Niehoff for supplying under-ice amphipods from their net samples. A. Scheltz conducted the chlorophyll analysis and POC, PON, and inorganic nutrients were measured in the laboratories of IFM-Geomar. Thanks are due to L. Köhler for length measurements of many organisms.

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    Iris Werner

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Werner, I. Living conditions, abundance and biomass of under-ice fauna in the Storfjord area (western Barents Sea, Arctic) in late winter (March 2003). Polar Biol 28, 311–318 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0678-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-004-0678-1

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