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Evidence for dispersal and habitat controls on pond diatom communities from the McMurdo Sound Region of Antarctica

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An Erratum to this article was published on 26 April 2016

Abstract

Microbial life flourishes in the ponds of the McMurdo Sound Region, which includes the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) and the exposed coastal areas of Ross Island, Antarctica. Diatoms live within resident microbial mats, and because of the simplified trophic structure and limited dispersal vectors, the McMurdo Sound Region is an ideal locality to investigate diatom community assembly processes. Wind is hypothesized to transport microbiota between habitats, and following the species-sorting perspective, local conditions should act as an environmental filter. However, the role of spatial scale versus habitat characteristics on diatom community structure has not been investigated. To gain insight into these processes, we sampled microbial mats from 25 ponds and used variation partitioning to assess the spatial scales at which diatoms were influenced by chemistry and physical variables. We found substantial spatial structure in diatom communities, and spatial scale explained more variability than environmental variables. No diatoms were exclusive to Ross Island, but some species were only found in the MDVs. Furthermore, diatom communities were more likely to resemble those from other nearby ponds rather than distant ones, regardless of environmental conditions. Of the environmental variables, bromide and chloride (both indicators of marine influence) were among the most important. These results suggest that geography, dispersal, and historical environmental conditions play a major role in structuring diatom communities at large spatial scales, and chemistry may be more important within regions. These results help explain the biogeography of diatoms here and elsewhere and expand our knowledge of mechanisms influencing microbial metacommunity structure.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Chris Jaros, Rae Spain, Holly Hughes, Kateřina Kopalová, Steven Crisp, Jean Pennycook, and Amy Chiuchiolo for field and laboratory assistance. Dieter Piepenburg, Manuel Toro, and two anonymous reviewers provided useful comments that greatly improved the manuscript. PHI helicopters provided logistic support. Funding was provided by the MCMLTER (OPP-1115245) and National Science Foundation Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program Award #0839020.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, 1560 30th Street, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA

    A. Sakaeva, E. R. Sokol, L. F. Stanish, S. A. Spaulding & D. M. McKnight

  2. Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, 12844 Prague 2, Prague, Czech Republic

    T. J. Kohler

  3. Department of History, Colorado State University, 1372 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA

    A. Howkins

  4. Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Rd, 108 Scott Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA

    K. A. Welch & W. B. Lyons

  5. Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, 1405 Perry Street, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    J. E. Barrett

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  1. A. Sakaeva
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  2. E. R. Sokol
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Correspondence to T. J. Kohler.

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An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1944-8.

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Sakaeva, A., Sokol, E.R., Kohler, T.J. et al. Evidence for dispersal and habitat controls on pond diatom communities from the McMurdo Sound Region of Antarctica. Polar Biol 39, 2441–2456 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-016-1901-6

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