Abstract
This experimental study combined with first principles modeling focuses on the distribution and behavior of yttria in pure iron powder particles prepared by mechanical alloying. A profound verification of the mechanism during milling is still missing in literature. Atom probe tomography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements directly after mechanical alloying revealed yttria dissolved in the iron matrix, which later rearranged in clusters. These findings are corroborated by ab initio calculations demonstrating that the formation energy for Y substitutional defect in bcc-Fe is significantly lower in the close neighborhood of vacancies. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that mechanical alloying for at least 12 hours caused a dramatic decrease in domain size and an extraordinary increase of defect density.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Ukai, T. Nishida, T. Okuda, T. Yoshitake, J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 35, 294 (1998)
A. Czyrska-Filemonowicz, B. Dubiel, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 64, 53 (1997)
J.S. Benjamin, T.E. Volin, Metall. Trans. 5, 1929 (1974)
G. Odette, M. Alinger, B. Wirth, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 38, 471 (2008). doi:10.1146/annurev.matsci.38.060407.130315
R.F. Domagala, J.J. Rausch, D. Levinson, Trans. Am. Soc. Met. 53, 137 (1961)
W. Zhang, G. Liu, K. Han, Phase Diagrams of Binary Iron Alloys (ASM International, Materials Park, 1993)
C. Suryanarayana, Prog. Mater. Sci. 46, 1 (2001). doi:10.1016/S0079-6425(99)00010-9
J. Benjamin, Metall. Trans. 1, 2943 (1970)
R. Benn, P. Mirchandani, in Dispersion Strengthening by Mechanical Alloying, ed. by E. Arzt, L. Schultz (DGM Informationsgesellschaft, Oberursel, 1988), pp. 19–38
J.D. Whittenberger, in New Materials by Mechanical Alloying Techniques, ed. by E. Arzt, L. Schultz (DGM Informationsgesellschaft, Oberursel, 1988), pp. 201–215
M.K. Miller, K.F. Russell, D.T. Hoelzer, J. Nucl. Mater. 351, 261 (2006). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2006.02.004
I.S. Kim, J.D. Hunn, N. Hashimoto, D.L. Larson, P.J. Maziasz, K. Miyahara, E.H. Lee, J. Nucl. Mater. 280, 264 (2000). doi:10.1016/S0022-3115(00)00066-0
D. Larson, Scr. Mater. 44, 359 (2001). doi:10.1016/S1359-6462(00)00593-5
M. Miller, D. Hoelzer, E. Kenik, K. Russell, J. Nucl. Mater. 329–333, 338 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.085
M. Miller, E. Kenik, K. Russell, L. Heatherly, D. Hoelzer, P. Maziasz, Mater. Sci. Eng. A 353, 140 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00680-9
M. Miller, D. Hoelzer, E. Kenik, K. Russell, Intermetallics 13, 387 (2005). doi:10.1016/j.intermet.2004.07.036
C.A. Williams, P. Unifantowicz, N. Baluc, G.D. Smith, E.A. Marquis, Acta Mater. 61, 2219 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2012.12.042
T. Okuda, M. Fujiwara, J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 14, 1600 (1995). doi:10.1007/BF00455428
Y. Kimura, S. Suejima, H. Goto, S. Takaki, ISIJ Int. 40, 174 (2000). doi:10.2355/isijinternational.40.Suppl_S174
Y. Kimura, S. Takaki, S. Suejima, R. Uemor, H. Tamehiro, ISIJ Int. 39, 176 (1999)
M. Klimiankou, R. Lindau, A. Möslang, J. Cryst. Growth 249, 381 (2003). doi:10.1016/S0022-0248(02)02134-6
C. Fu, M. Krčmar, G. Painter, X.Q. Chen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 1 (2007). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.225502
T.H. de Keijser, J.I. Langford, E.J. Mittemeijer, A.B.P. Vogels, J. Appl. Crystallogr. 15, 308 (1982). doi:10.1107/S0021889882012035
P. Dasgupta, Fizika A 9, 61 (2000). doi:10.1177/097152150401100101
G. Kresse, J. Furthmüller, Phys. Rev. B 54, 11169 (1996)
G. Kresse, D. Joubert, Phys. Rev. B 59, 1758 (1999)
J.P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)
A. Cerezo, L. Davin, Surf. Interface Anal. 39, 184 (2007). doi:10.1002/sia.2486
L.T. Stephenson, M.P. Moody, P.V. Liddicoat, S.P. Ringer, Microsc. Microanal. 13(6), 448 (2007). doi:10.1017/S1431927607070900
D. Vaumousse, A. Cerezo, P.J. Warren, Ultramicroscopy 95, 215 (2003)
D. Briggs, M. Seah, Practical Surface Analysis, 2nd edn. (Willey, New York, 1993)
R. Hesse, P. Streubel, R. Szargan, Surf. Interface Anal. 39, 381 (2007). doi:10.1002/sia.2527
J.C. Fuggle, J.E. Inglesfield (eds.), Unoccupied Electronic States—Fundamentals for XANES, EELS, IPS and BIS—Introduction (Springer, Berlin, 1992)
Y. Jiang, J. Smith, G. Odette, Phys. Rev. B 79, 064103 (2009). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.064103
J.H. Swisher, E.T. Turkdogan, Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME 239, 426 (1967)
M. Klimiankou, J. Nucl. Mater. 329–333, 347 (2004). doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2004.04.083
S. Yamashita, S. Ohtsuka, N. Akasaka, S. Ukai, S. Ohnuki, Philos. Mag. Lett. 84, 525 (2004). doi:10.1080/09500830412331303609
A. Somoza, M. Petkov, K. Lynn, A. Dupasquier, Phys. Rev. B 65, 094107 (2002). doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.65.094107
R. Schwarz, Mater. Sci. Forum 269–272, 665 (1998)
A. Gopejenko, Nanodevices and Nanomaterials for Ecological Security (Springer, Berlin, 2012)
R. Schwarz, C. Koch, Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 164 (1986)
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully thank Dr. Johannes Zbiral for supporting at the milling process and TU Wien using its facilities.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ressel, G., Holec, D., Fian, A. et al. Atomistic insights into milling mechanisms in an Fe–Y2O3 model alloy. Appl. Phys. A 115, 851–858 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7877-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-013-7877-y