Abstract
We numerically examine the mechanisms involved in nanoparticle formation by laser ablation of metallic targets in vacuum and in liquid. We consider the very early ablation stage providing initial conditions for much longer plume expansion processes. In the case of ultrashort laser ablation, the initial population of primary nanoparticles is formed at this stage. When a liquid is present, the dynamics of the laser plume expansion differs from that in vacuum. Low compressibility of the ambient liquid results in strong confinement conditions. As a result, ablation threshold rises drastically, the ablated material is compressed, part of it becomes supersaturated and the backscattered material additionally heats the target. The extension of a molten layer leads to the additional ablation at a later stage also favoring nanoparticle formation. The obtained results thus explain recent experimental findings and help to predict the role of the experimental parameters. The performed analysis indicates ways of a control over nanoparticle synthesis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
T. Makimura, Y. Kunii, K. Murakami, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 35(Part1, No. 9A), 4780 (1996)
D.B. Geohegan, A.A. Puretzky, G. Duscher, S.J. Pennycook, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(23), 2987 (1998)
O. Albert, S. Roger, Y. Glinec, J. Loulergue, J. Etchepare, C. Boulmer-Leborgne, J. Perrire, E. Millon, Appl. Phys. A 76(3), 319 (2003)
L.V. Zhigilei, B.J. Garrison, J. Appl. Phys. 88(3), 1281 (2000)
M.E. Povarnitsyn, T.E. Itina, M. Sentis, P.R. Levashov, K.V. Khishchenko Phys. Rev. B 75:235414 (2007)
A. Bulgakov, I. Ozerov, W. Marine, Appl. Phys. A 79(4-6), 1591 (2004)
S. Amoruso, R. Bruzzese, N. Spinelli, R. Velotta, M. Vitiello, X. Wang Europhys. Lett. 67(3), 404 (2004)
J. Freeman, S. Harilal, P. Diwakar, B. Verhoff, A. Hassanein Spectrochimica Acta Part B 87(0), 43 (2013)
S. Amoruso, R. Bruzzese, M. Vitiello, N.N. Nedialkov, P.A. Atanasov, J. Appl. Phys. 98(4), 044907 (2005)
A.V. Bulgakov, N.M. Bulgakova, J. Phys. D 28(8), 1710 (1995)
Y.B. Zel’dovich, Y.P. Raizer, Physics of Shock Waves and High-Temperature Hydrodynamic Phenomena. Dover Books on Physics (Dover Publications, 2002)
B.S. Lukyanchuk, W. Marine, S.I. Anisimov Laser Phys. 8(1), 291 (1998)
T. Ohkubo, M. Kuwata, B. Lukyanchuk, T. Yabe Appl. Phys. A 77(2), 271 (2003)
F. Mafuné, J.Y. Kohno, Y. Takeda, T. Kondow, J. Phys. Chem. B 107(46), 12589 (2003)
A.V. Simakin, E.N. Lubnin, G.A. Shafeev, Quant. Electron. 30(3), 263 (2000)
J.P. Sylvestre, A.V. Kabashin, E. Sacher, M. Meunier Appl. Phys. A 80, 753 (2005)
S. Ibrahimkutty, P. Wagener, A. Menzel, A. Plech, S. Barcikowski, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101(10), 103104 (2012)
A. Vogel, V. Venugopalan, Chem. Rev. 103(2), 577 (2003)
R. Fabbro, P. Peyre, L. Berthe, X. Scherpereel, J. Las. Appl. 10, 265 (1998)
L. Berthe, R. Fabbro, P. Peyre, L. Tollier, E. Bartnicki, J. Appl. Phys. 82(6), 2826 (1997)
E. Stratakis, M. Barberoglou, C. Fotakis, G. Viau, C. Garcia, G.A. Shafeev Opt. Expr. 17(15), 12650 (2009)
A.V. Kabashin, M. Meunier, J. Appl. Phys. 94(12), 7941 (2003)
A. Menéndez-Manjón, P. Wagener, S. Barcikowski, J. Phys. Chem. C 115(12), 5108 (2011)
M.E. Povarnitsyn, T.E. Itina, P.R. Levashov, K.V. Khishchenko, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253(15), 6343 (2007)
M.E. Povarnitsyn, T.E. Itina, P.R. Levashov, K.V. Khishchenko, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 15, 3108 (2013)
M.E. Povarnitsyn, N.E. Andreev, P.R. Levashov, K.V. Khishchenko, O.N. Rosmej, Phys. Plasm. 19(2), 023110 (2012)
M.E. Povarnitsyn, N.E. Andreev, E.M. Apfelbaum, T.E. Itina, K.V. Khishchenko, O.F. Kostenko, P.R. Levashov, M.E. Veysman, Appl. Surf. Sci. 258(23), 9480 (2012)
Acknowledgments
The research was sponsored by France–Russia collaboration project PICS 6106, and by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project Nos. 13-08-01179 and 13-02-91057-CNRS). We are also grateful to the CINES of France for the computer support under the project number c2013085015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Povarnitsyn, M.E., Itina, T.E. Hydrodynamic modeling of femtosecond laser ablation of metals in vacuum and in liquid. Appl. Phys. A 117, 175–178 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8319-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8319-1