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Cooling performance of a nanofluid flow in a heat sink microchannel with axial conduction effect

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Abstract

In this work, the forced convection of a nanofluid flow in a microscale duct has been investigated numerically. The governing equations have been solved utilizing the finite volume method. Two different conjugated domains for both flow field and substrate have been considered in order to solve the hydrodynamic and thermal fields. The results of the present study are compared to those of analytical and experimental ones, and a good agreement has been observed. The effects of Reynolds number, thermal conductivity and thickness of substrate on the thermal and hydrodynamic indexes have been studied. In general, considering the wall affected the thermal parameter while it had no impact on the hydrodynamics behavior. The results show that the effect of nanoparticle volume fraction on the increasing of normalized local heat transfer coefficient is more efficient in thick walls. For higher Reynolds number, the effect of nanoparticle inclusion on axial distribution of heat flux at solid–fluid interface declines. Also, less end losses and further uniformity of axial heat flux lead to an increase in the local normalized heat transfer coefficient.

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Abbreviations

\( C_{\text{p}} \) :

Specific heat (J/kg K)

d :

Diameter

d bf :

Molecular diameter of base fluid (nm)

d h :

Hydraulic diameter (nm)

d p :

Nanoparticle diameter (nm)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

h c :

Channel height (µm)

h c :

Channel height

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

K b :

Boltzmann’s constant

L :

Channel length

M :

The molecular weight of the base fluid

N :

Avogadro number

p :

Pressure (pa)

Pr :

Prandtl number

q :

Heat flux (W/m2)

t :

Wall thickness (µm)

T :

Temperature (K)

TR:

Thermal resistance, q/(T m,sf − T b) (k/W)

u :

Velocity (m/s)

x :

Coordinate (m)

0:

Reference condition (inlet)

1, 2:

Horizontal and vertical direction

a:

Area average

ave:

Average length

b:

Base flux

b:

Bulk

bf:

Base fluid

d :

Down

eff:

Effective

fr:

Freezing point

H2 :

Constant heat flux

k,i,j :

Indexes

max:

Maximum value

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

s:

Substrate

sf:

Solid–fluid interface

u:

Upper

w:

Wall

β :

Performance index

ε :

The rate of deformation tensor (s−1)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity (N s m−2)

ρ :

Density

τ :

The stress tensor (Pa)

φ :

Nanoparticle volume fraction

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Shahrood, P.O. Box 3619995161-316, Shahrood, Iran

    M. Izadi, M. M. Shahmardan & M. Norouzi

  2. Nanotechnology Research Center, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (R.I.P.I), Tehran, Iran

    A. M. Rashidi

  3. Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, P.O. Box 98164-161, Zahedan, Iran

    A. Behzadmehr

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  1. M. Izadi
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  2. M. M. Shahmardan
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  3. M. Norouzi
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  5. A. Behzadmehr
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Correspondence to M. Izadi.

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Izadi, M., Shahmardan, M.M., Norouzi, M. et al. Cooling performance of a nanofluid flow in a heat sink microchannel with axial conduction effect. Appl. Phys. A 117, 1821–1833 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8760-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8760-1

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