Abstract
The effect of different treatments on the fate of applied P was investigated in a long-term field experiment started in 1972–1973 following a maize–wheat sequence. The soil samples were collected after 29 years of continuous addition of mineral fertilizers and amendments such as farmyard manure (FYM) and lime. The total P content of all the treatments increased compared to the original soil; NaOH-inorganic P (Pi) (NaOH-Pi) representing Fe and Al-bound P was the dominant Pi fraction. At the beginning of the experiment (1972–1973), the various P pools could be quantitatively ranked in the following order: residual P>NaOH-organic P (Po)>NaOH-Pi>NaHCO3-Po>NaHCO3-Pi>HCl-P>H2O-P. As a result of continued P fertilization and cropping, the order changed as follows: residual P>NaOH-Pi>NaOH-Po>NaHCO3-Pi>NaHCO3-Po>HCl-P>H2O-P. Compared to the imbalanced mineral fertilizer application, the balanced as well as integrated application of nutrients resulted in significantly lower P adsorption capacity of soils. The Olsen extractable-P fraction (plant-available P) increased from about 12 mg kg−1 soil in 1972 to about 81 mg kg−1 soil in the treatments receiving P for the last 29 years.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India for financial and technical help to carry out this work in their sponsorship of the All India Coordinated Research Project on a Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment to Study Changes in Soil Quality, Crop Productivity and Sustainability, at the CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Verma, S., Subehia, S. & Sharma, S. Phosphorus fractions in an acid soil continuously fertilized with mineral and organic fertilizers. Biol Fertil Soils 41, 295–300 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0810-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0810-y