Skip to main content
Log in

Extraction and characterization of biocompatible hydroxyapatite from fresh water fish scales for tissue engineering scaffold

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 22 October 2014

Abstract

In bone tissue engineering, porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) is used as filling material for bone defects, augmentation, artificial bone graft and scaffold material. The present paper compares the preparation and characterization of HAp from fish scale (FS) and synthetic body fluid (SBF) solution. Thermo gravimetric analysis, differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis of the samples have been performed. The analysis indicates that synthesized HAp consists of sub-micron HAp particle with Ca/P ratio corresponding to FS and SBF 1.62 and 1.71, respectively. MTT assay and quantitative DNA analysis show growth and proliferation of cells over the HA scaffold with the increase in time. The shape and size (morphology) of mesenchymal stem cells after 3 days show a transition from rounded shape to elongated and flattened shape expressing its spreading behavior. These results confirm that HAp bio-materials from fish scale are physico-chemically and biologically equivalent to the chemically synthesized HAp from SBF. Biological HAp, thus, possesses a great potential for conversion of industrial by-product into highly valuable compounds using simple effective and novel processes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Joris S, Amberg C (1971) Nature of deficiency in nonstoichiometric hydroxyapatites. I. Catalytic activity of calcium and strontium hydroxyapatites. J Phys Chem 75:3167–3171

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Kibby C, Hall W (1972) Surface properties of calcium phosphates. Chem Biosurf 2:663–729

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Uchida A, Shinto Y, Araki N, Ono K (1992) Slow release of anticancer drugs from porous calcium hydroxyapatite ceramic. J Orthop Res 10:440–445

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Fowler B (1974) Infrared studies of apatites. II. Preparation of normal and isotopically substituted calcium, strontium, and barium hydroxyapatites and spectra-structure-composition correlations. Inorg Chem 13:207–214

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Yamasaki N, Kai T, Nishioka M, Yanagisawa K, Ioku K (1990) Porous hydroxyapatite ceramics prepared by hydrothermal hot-pressing. J Mater Sci Lett 9:1150–1151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Nishioka M, Yanagisawa K, Yamasaki N (1990) Solidification of glass powder by a hydrothermal hot-pressing technique. Hydrothermal reactions for materials science and engineering. Springer, Berlin

  7. Cheng P-T (1987) Formation of octacalcium phosphate and subsequent transformation to hydroxyapatite at low supersaturation: a model for cartilage calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 40:339–343

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown WE (1966) Crystal growth of bone mineral. Clin Orthop Relat Res 44:205–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Tanahashi M, Kamiya K, Suzuki T, Nasu H (1992) Fibrous hydroxyapatite grown in the gel system: effects of pH of the solution on the growth rate and morphology. J Mater Sci Mater Med 3:48–53

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bardhan R, Mahata S, Mondal B (2011) Processing of natural resourced hydroxyapatite from eggshell waste by wet precipitation method. Adv Appl Ceram 110:80–86

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Mondal S, Mahata S, Kundu S, Mondal B (2010) Processing of natural resourced hydroxyapatite ceramics from fish scale. Adv Appl Ceram 109:234–239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Rocha J, Lemos A, Kannan S, Agathopoulos S, Ferreira J (2005) Hydroxyapatite scaffolds hydrothermally grown from aragonitic cuttlefish bones. J Mater Chem 15:5007–5011

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Ozawa M, Suzuki S (2002) Microstructural Development of Natural Hydroxyapatite Originated from Fish-Bone Waste through Heat Treatment. J Am Ceram Soc 85:1315–1317

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Kawasaki T (1991) Hydroxyapatite as a liquid chromatographic packing. J Chromatogr A 544:147–184

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Piccirillo C, Silva M, Pullar R, da Cruz IB, Jorge R, Pintado M, Castro PM (2012) Extraction and characterisation of apatites-and tricalcium phosphate-based materials from cod fish bones. Mater Sci Eng C

  16. Sankar S, Sekar S, Mohan R, Rani S, Sundaraseelan J, Sastry T (2008) Preparation and partial characterization of collagen sheet from fish (Lates calcarifer) scales. Int J Biol Macromol 42:6–9

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Liao C-J, Lin F-H, Chen K-S, Sun J-S (1999) Thermal decomposition and reconstitution of hydroxyapatite in air atmosphere. Biomaterials 20:1807–1813

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Kokubo T (1989) Surface chemistry of bioactive glass-ceramics. J Non-Cryst Solids 120:138–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ramay HR, Zhang M (2003) Preparation of porous hydroxyapatite scaffolds by combination of the gel-casting and polymer sponge methods. Biomaterials 24:3293–3302

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Bhardwaj N, Chakraborty S, Kundu SC (2011) Freeze-gelled silk fibroin protein scaffolds for potential applications in soft tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol 49:260–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Rage R, Mitchen J, Wilding G (1990) DNA fluorometric assay in 96-well tissue culture plates using Hoechst 33258 after cell lysis by freezing in distilled water. Anal Biochem 191:31–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Shen Z, Adolfsson E, Nygren M, Gao L, Kawaoka H, Niihara K (2001) Dense hydroxyapatite–zirconia ceramic composites with high strength for biological applications. Adv Mater 13:214–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Huang L-Y, Xu K-W, Lu J (2000) A study of the process and kinetics of electrochemical deposition and the hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxyapatite coatings. J Mater Sci Mater Med 11:667–673

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Prabakaran K, Balamurugan A, Rajeswari S (2005) Development of calcium phosphate based apatite from hen’s eggshell. Bull Mater Sci 28:115–119

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Baddiel C, Berry E (1966) Spectra structure correlations in hydroxy and fluorapatite. Spectrochim Acta 22:1407–1416

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Varma H, Suresh Babu S (2005) Synthesis of calcium phosphate bioceramics by citrate gel pyrolysis method. Ceram Int 31:109–114

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Ruiz-Hitzky E, Darder M, Aranda P (2009) Progress in bionanocomposite materials. Annu Rev Nano Res 3:149–189

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Wu C, Yin Y, Yang Y, Yao K (2004) Preparation of porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. Chin J Clin Rehabil 8:929–931

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Ng KW, Leong DT, Hutmacher DW (2005) The challenge to measure cell proliferation in two and three dimensions. Tissue Eng 11:182–191

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Cai Y, Liu Y, Yan W, Hu Q, Tao J, Zhang M, Shi Z, Tang R (2007) Role of hydroxyapatite nanoparticle size in bone cell proliferation. J Mater Chem 17:3780–3787

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lala Behari Sukla.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Panda, N.N., Pramanik, K. & Sukla, L.B. Extraction and characterization of biocompatible hydroxyapatite from fresh water fish scales for tissue engineering scaffold. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 37, 433–440 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-013-1009-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-013-1009-0

Keywords

Navigation