Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Soft Computing 12/2020

27.09.2019 | Focus

Polynomial goal programming and particle swarm optimization for enhanced indexation

verfasst von: Massimiliano Kaucic, Fabrizio Barbini, Federico Julian Camerota Verdù

Erschienen in: Soft Computing | Ausgabe 12/2020

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Enhanced indexation is an investment strategy that aims to generate moderate and consistent excess returns with respect to a tracked benchmark index. In this work, we introduce an optimization approach where the risk of under-performing the benchmark is separated from the potential over-performance, and the Sharpe ratio measures the profitability of the active management. In addition, a cardinality constraint controls the number of active positions in the portfolio, while a turnover threshold limits the transaction costs. We adopt a polynomial goal programming approach to combine these objectives with the investor’s preferences. An improved version of the particle swarm optimization algorithm with a novel constraint-handling mechanism is proposed to solve the optimization problem. A numerical example, where the Euro Stoxx 50 Index is used as the benchmark, shows that our method consistently produces larger returns, with reduced costs and risk exposition, than the standard indexing strategies over a 10-year backtesting period.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
1
For maximization problems, it suffices to replace > with < in (24) and (25).
 
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Affolter K, Hanne T, Schweizer D, Dornberger R (2016) Invasive weed optimization for solving index tracking problems. Soft Comput 20(9):3393–3401 Affolter K, Hanne T, Schweizer D, Dornberger R (2016) Invasive weed optimization for solving index tracking problems. Soft Comput 20(9):3393–3401
Zurück zum Zitat Beasley JE, Meade N, Chang TJ (2003) An evolutionary heuristic for the index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 148(3):621–643MathSciNetMATH Beasley JE, Meade N, Chang TJ (2003) An evolutionary heuristic for the index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 148(3):621–643MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Benidis K, Feng Y, Palomar DP, et al (2018) Optimization methods for financial index tracking: From theory to practice. Found Trends® Optim 3(3):171–279 Benidis K, Feng Y, Palomar DP, et al (2018) Optimization methods for financial index tracking: From theory to practice. Found Trends® Optim 3(3):171–279
Zurück zum Zitat Biglova A, Ortobelli S, Rachev ST, Stoyanov S (2004) Different approaches to risk estimation in portfolio theory. J Portf Manag 31(1):103–112 Biglova A, Ortobelli S, Rachev ST, Stoyanov S (2004) Different approaches to risk estimation in portfolio theory. J Portf Manag 31(1):103–112
Zurück zum Zitat Bruni R, Cesarone F, Scozzari A, Tardella F (2015) A linear risk-return model for enhanced indexation in portfolio optimization. OR Spectr 37(3):735–759MathSciNetMATH Bruni R, Cesarone F, Scozzari A, Tardella F (2015) A linear risk-return model for enhanced indexation in portfolio optimization. OR Spectr 37(3):735–759MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Canakgoz NA, Beasley JE (2009) Mixed-integer programming approaches for index tracking and enhanced indexation. Eur J Oper Res 196(1):384–399MathSciNetMATH Canakgoz NA, Beasley JE (2009) Mixed-integer programming approaches for index tracking and enhanced indexation. Eur J Oper Res 196(1):384–399MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Caporin M, Jannin GM, Lisi F, Maillet BB (2014) A survey on the four families of performance measures. J Econ Surv 28(5):917–942 Caporin M, Jannin GM, Lisi F, Maillet BB (2014) A survey on the four families of performance measures. J Econ Surv 28(5):917–942
Zurück zum Zitat Chowdhury S, Tong W, Messac A, Zhang J (2013) A mixed-discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm with explicit diversity-preservation. Struct Multidiscip Optim 47(3):367–388MathSciNetMATH Chowdhury S, Tong W, Messac A, Zhang J (2013) A mixed-discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm with explicit diversity-preservation. Struct Multidiscip Optim 47(3):367–388MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Coello CAC, Pulido GT, Lechuga MS (2004) Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 8(3):256–279 Coello CAC, Pulido GT, Lechuga MS (2004) Handling multiple objectives with particle swarm optimization. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 8(3):256–279
Zurück zum Zitat Deb K (2000) An efficient constraint handling method for genetic algorithms. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 186(2):311–338MATH Deb K (2000) An efficient constraint handling method for genetic algorithms. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 186(2):311–338MATH
Zurück zum Zitat Deckro RF, Hebert JE (1988) Invasive weed optimization for solving index tracking problems. J Oper Manag 7(3–4):149–164 Deckro RF, Hebert JE (1988) Invasive weed optimization for solving index tracking problems. J Oper Manag 7(3–4):149–164
Zurück zum Zitat Derrac J, García S, Molina D, Herrera F (2011) A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms. Swarm Evolut Comput 1(1):3–18 Derrac J, García S, Molina D, Herrera F (2011) A practical tutorial on the use of nonparametric statistical tests as a methodology for comparing evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms. Swarm Evolut Comput 1(1):3–18
Zurück zum Zitat di Tollo G, Stützle T, Birattari M (2014) A metaheuristic multi-criteria optimisation approach to portfolio selection. J Appl Oper Res 6(4):222–242 di Tollo G, Stützle T, Birattari M (2014) A metaheuristic multi-criteria optimisation approach to portfolio selection. J Appl Oper Res 6(4):222–242
Zurück zum Zitat Díaz J, Cortés M, Hernández J, Clavijo Ó, Ardila C, Cabrales S (2019) Index fund optimization using a hybrid model: genetic algorithm and mixed-integer nonlinear programming. Eng Econom 64(3):298–309 Díaz J, Cortés M, Hernández J, Clavijo Ó, Ardila C, Cabrales S (2019) Index fund optimization using a hybrid model: genetic algorithm and mixed-integer nonlinear programming. Eng Econom 64(3):298–309
Zurück zum Zitat DiBartolomeo D (2000) The enhanced index fund as an alternative to indexed equity management. Northfield Information Services, Boston DiBartolomeo D (2000) The enhanced index fund as an alternative to indexed equity management. Northfield Information Services, Boston
Zurück zum Zitat Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995) A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on micro machine and human science, 1995 (MHS’95), pp 39–43. IEEE Eberhart R, Kennedy J (1995) A new optimizer using particle swarm theory. In: Proceedings of the sixth international symposium on micro machine and human science, 1995 (MHS’95), pp 39–43. IEEE
Zurück zum Zitat Eberhart RC, Shi Y (2001) Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources. In: Proceedings of the 2001 congress on evolutionary computation, 2001, vol 1. IEEE, pp 81–86 Eberhart RC, Shi Y (2001) Particle swarm optimization: developments, applications and resources. In: Proceedings of the 2001 congress on evolutionary computation, 2001, vol 1. IEEE, pp 81–86
Zurück zum Zitat Filippi C, Guastaroba G, Speranza M (2016) A heuristic framework for the bi-objective enhanced index tracking problem. Omega 65:122–137 Filippi C, Guastaroba G, Speranza M (2016) A heuristic framework for the bi-objective enhanced index tracking problem. Omega 65:122–137
Zurück zum Zitat Franks EC (1992) Targeting excess-of-benchmark returns. J Portf Manag 18(4):6–12 Franks EC (1992) Targeting excess-of-benchmark returns. J Portf Manag 18(4):6–12
Zurück zum Zitat Guastaroba G, Speranza MG (2012) Kernel search: an application to the index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 217(1):54–68MathSciNetMATH Guastaroba G, Speranza MG (2012) Kernel search: an application to the index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 217(1):54–68MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Guastaroba G, Mansini R, Ogryczak W, Speranza MG (2016) Linear programming models based on omega ratio for the enhanced index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 251(3):938–956MathSciNetMATH Guastaroba G, Mansini R, Ogryczak W, Speranza MG (2016) Linear programming models based on omega ratio for the enhanced index tracking problem. Eur J Oper Res 251(3):938–956MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Huang H, Lv L, Ye S, Hao Z (2019) Particle swarm optimization with convergence speed controller for large-scale numerical optimization. Soft Comput 23:4421–4437 Huang H, Lv L, Ye S, Hao Z (2019) Particle swarm optimization with convergence speed controller for large-scale numerical optimization. Soft Comput 23:4421–4437
Zurück zum Zitat Israelsen CL et al (2005) A refinement to the sharpe ratio and information ratio. J Asset Manag 5(6):423–427 Israelsen CL et al (2005) A refinement to the sharpe ratio and information ratio. J Asset Manag 5(6):423–427
Zurück zum Zitat Jorion P (2003) Portfolio optimization with tracking-error constraints. Financ Anal J 59(5):70–82 Jorion P (2003) Portfolio optimization with tracking-error constraints. Financ Anal J 59(5):70–82
Zurück zum Zitat Kaucic M (2013) A multi-start opposition-based particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive velocity for bound constrained global optimization. J Glob Optim 55(1):165–188MathSciNetMATH Kaucic M (2013) A multi-start opposition-based particle swarm optimization algorithm with adaptive velocity for bound constrained global optimization. J Glob Optim 55(1):165–188MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Krink T, Mittnik S, Paterlini S (2009) Differential evolution and combinatorial search for constrained index-tracking. Ann Oper Res 172(1):153MathSciNetMATH Krink T, Mittnik S, Paterlini S (2009) Differential evolution and combinatorial search for constrained index-tracking. Ann Oper Res 172(1):153MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Ledoit O, Wolf M (2003) Improved estimation of the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection. J Empir Finance 10(5):603–621 Ledoit O, Wolf M (2003) Improved estimation of the covariance matrix of stock returns with an application to portfolio selection. J Empir Finance 10(5):603–621
Zurück zum Zitat Li Q, Sun L, Bao L (2011) Enhanced index tracking based on multi-objective immune algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 38(5):6101–6106 Li Q, Sun L, Bao L (2011) Enhanced index tracking based on multi-objective immune algorithm. Expert Syst Appl 38(5):6101–6106
Zurück zum Zitat Maringer D, Oyewumi O (2007) Index tracking with constrained portfolios. Intell Syst Account Finance Manag Int J 15(1–2):57–71 Maringer D, Oyewumi O (2007) Index tracking with constrained portfolios. Intell Syst Account Finance Manag Int J 15(1–2):57–71
Zurück zum Zitat Markowitz H (1952) Portfolio selection. J Finance 7(1):77–91 Markowitz H (1952) Portfolio selection. J Finance 7(1):77–91
Zurück zum Zitat Meghwani SS, Thakur M (2017) Multi-criteria algorithms for portfolio optimization under practical constraints. Swarm Evolut Comput 37:104–125 Meghwani SS, Thakur M (2017) Multi-criteria algorithms for portfolio optimization under practical constraints. Swarm Evolut Comput 37:104–125
Zurück zum Zitat Mezali H, Beasley J (2014) Index tracking with fixed and variable transaction costs. Optim Lett 8(1):61–80MathSciNetMATH Mezali H, Beasley J (2014) Index tracking with fixed and variable transaction costs. Optim Lett 8(1):61–80MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Proelss J, Schweizer D (2014) Polynomial goal programming and the implicit higher moment preferences of us institutional investors in hedge funds. Financ Mark Portf Manag 28(1):1–28 Proelss J, Schweizer D (2014) Polynomial goal programming and the implicit higher moment preferences of us institutional investors in hedge funds. Financ Mark Portf Manag 28(1):1–28
Zurück zum Zitat Pulido GT, Coello CAC (2004) A constraint-handling mechanism for particle swarm optimization. In: IEEE congress on evolutionary computation vol 2, pp 1396–1403 Pulido GT, Coello CAC (2004) A constraint-handling mechanism for particle swarm optimization. In: IEEE congress on evolutionary computation vol 2, pp 1396–1403
Zurück zum Zitat Roll R (1992) A mean/variance analysis of tracking error. J Portf Manag 18(4):13–22 Roll R (1992) A mean/variance analysis of tracking error. J Portf Manag 18(4):13–22
Zurück zum Zitat Sharma A, Agrawal S, Mehra A (2017) Enhanced indexing for risk averse investors using relaxed second order stochastic dominance. Optim Eng 18(2):407–442MathSciNetMATH Sharma A, Agrawal S, Mehra A (2017) Enhanced indexing for risk averse investors using relaxed second order stochastic dominance. Optim Eng 18(2):407–442MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Sharpe WF (1966) Mutual fund performance. J Bus 39(1):119–138 Sharpe WF (1966) Mutual fund performance. J Bus 39(1):119–138
Zurück zum Zitat Sharpe WF, Alexander GJ, Bailey JV (1995) Investments. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River Sharpe WF, Alexander GJ, Bailey JV (1995) Investments. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River
Zurück zum Zitat Shi Y, Eberhart R (1998) A modified particle swarm optimizer. In: IEEE World congress on computational intelligence, The 1998 IEEE international conference on evolutionary computation proceedings. IEEE, pp 69–73 Shi Y, Eberhart R (1998) A modified particle swarm optimizer. In: IEEE World congress on computational intelligence, The 1998 IEEE international conference on evolutionary computation proceedings. IEEE, pp 69–73
Zurück zum Zitat Strub O, Baumann P (2018) Optimal construction and rebalancing of index-tracking portfolios. Eur J Oper Res 264(1):370–387MathSciNetMATH Strub O, Baumann P (2018) Optimal construction and rebalancing of index-tracking portfolios. Eur J Oper Res 264(1):370–387MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Takeda A, Niranjan M, Jy Gotoh, Kawahara Y (2013) Simultaneous pursuit of out-of-sample performance and sparsity in index tracking portfolios. Comput Manag Sci 10(1):21–49MathSciNetMATH Takeda A, Niranjan M, Jy Gotoh, Kawahara Y (2013) Simultaneous pursuit of out-of-sample performance and sparsity in index tracking portfolios. Comput Manag Sci 10(1):21–49MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Thomaidis NS (2010) Active portfolio management from a fuzzy multi-objective programming perspective. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer D (eds) European conference on the applications of evolutionary computation. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Thomaidis NS (2010) Active portfolio management from a fuzzy multi-objective programming perspective. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer D (eds) European conference on the applications of evolutionary computation. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Zurück zum Zitat Thomaidis NS (2011) A soft computing approach to enhanced indexation. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer D (eds) Natural computing in computational finance. Studies in computational intelligence, vol 380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 61–77 Thomaidis NS (2011) A soft computing approach to enhanced indexation. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer D (eds) Natural computing in computational finance. Studies in computational intelligence, vol 380. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 61–77
Zurück zum Zitat Vassiliadis V, Thomaidis N, Dounias G (2009) Active portfolio management under a downside risk framework: comparison of a hybrid nature–inspired scheme. In: International conference on hybrid artificial intelligence systems. Springer, pp 702–712 Vassiliadis V, Thomaidis N, Dounias G (2009) Active portfolio management under a downside risk framework: comparison of a hybrid nature–inspired scheme. In: International conference on hybrid artificial intelligence systems. Springer, pp 702–712
Zurück zum Zitat Wang H, Sun H, Li C, Rahnamayan S, Pan JS (2013) Diversity enhanced particle swarm optimization with neighborhood search. Inf Sci 223:119–135MathSciNet Wang H, Sun H, Li C, Rahnamayan S, Pan JS (2013) Diversity enhanced particle swarm optimization with neighborhood search. Inf Sci 223:119–135MathSciNet
Zurück zum Zitat Wang D, Tan D, Liu L (2018) Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview. Soft Comput 22(2):387–408 Wang D, Tan D, Liu L (2018) Particle swarm optimization algorithm: an overview. Soft Comput 22(2):387–408
Zurück zum Zitat Wu LC, Chou SC, Yang CC, Ong CS (2007) Enhanced index investing based on goal programming. J Portf Manag 33(3):49–56 Wu LC, Chou SC, Yang CC, Ong CS (2007) Enhanced index investing based on goal programming. J Portf Manag 33(3):49–56
Zurück zum Zitat Wurgler J (2010) On the economic consequences of index-linked investing. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research Wurgler J (2010) On the economic consequences of index-linked investing. Technical report, National Bureau of Economic Research
Zurück zum Zitat Xu F, Wang M, Dai YH, Xu D (2018) A sparse enhanced indexation model with chance and cardinality constraints. J Glob Optim 70(1):5–25MathSciNetMATH Xu F, Wang M, Dai YH, Xu D (2018) A sparse enhanced indexation model with chance and cardinality constraints. J Glob Optim 70(1):5–25MathSciNetMATH
Zurück zum Zitat Zhang J, Maringer D (2010) Index mutual fund replication. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer DG (eds) Natural computing in computational finance. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 293. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Zhang J, Maringer D (2010) Index mutual fund replication. In: Brabazon A, O’Neill M, Maringer DG (eds) Natural computing in computational finance. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 293. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Zurück zum Zitat Zhao Z, Xu F, Wang M, Zhang CY (2019) A sparse enhanced indexation model with norm and its alternating quadratic penalty method. J Oper Res Soc 70(3):433–445 Zhao Z, Xu F, Wang M, Zhang CY (2019) A sparse enhanced indexation model with norm and its alternating quadratic penalty method. J Oper Res Soc 70(3):433–445
Zurück zum Zitat Zhu H, Chen Y, Wang K (2010) A particle swarm optimization heuristic for the index tacking problem. In: Zhang L, Lu BL, Kwok J (eds) Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6063. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg Zhu H, Chen Y, Wang K (2010) A particle swarm optimization heuristic for the index tacking problem. In: Zhang L, Lu BL, Kwok J (eds) Advances in Neural Networks - ISNN 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 6063. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Metadaten
Titel
Polynomial goal programming and particle swarm optimization for enhanced indexation
verfasst von
Massimiliano Kaucic
Fabrizio Barbini
Federico Julian Camerota Verdù
Publikationsdatum
27.09.2019
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Soft Computing / Ausgabe 12/2020
Print ISSN: 1432-7643
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-7479
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04378-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 12/2020

Soft Computing 12/2020 Zur Ausgabe