Towards modular binary to gray converter design using LTEx module of quantum-dot cellular automata

A modular approach to realize the ultra-fast quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) generic binary to gray converter is presented in this paper. The novel designs here validated fully exploit the intrinsic repetitive capabilities of the Layered T Exclusive OR (LTEx) module in the QCA domain. An efficient logic formulation of QCA design metrics like O-Cost and delay is proposed for the n-bit QCA binary to gray converter designs. The QCA implementation of n-bit LTEx binary to gray converter is compared with the conventional converters. An attempt has been made to enhance the speed of modular binary to gray converter designs. The proposed 4, 8, 16, 32, 64-bit binary to gray converters need 4.35, 15.88, 15.96, 15.7, 16.68% less O-cost and 11.57, 2.61, 9.32, 12.64, 29.25% less effective area, respectively. Thus the proposed layouts offer the smaller feature size, reduced circuit complexity exploiting the modular based design approach. The simulation results have been carried out in the renowned computer aided design tool, namely QCADesigner 2.0.3 with gallium arsenide heterostructure based parameter environment.