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Electrochemical enzyme sensor arrays for the detection of the biogenic amines histamine, putrescine and cadaverine using magnetic beads as immobilisation supports

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Abstract

Electrochemical biosensors based on diamine oxidase (DAO) conjugated to magnetic beads (MBs) were developed for the detection of histamine (Hist), putrescine (Put) and cadaverine (Cad), the most relevant biogenic amines (BAs) related to food safety and quality. DAO-MBs were immobilised on Co(II)-phthalocyanine/carbon and Prussian Blue/carbon electrodes to obtain mono-enzymatic biosensors, and on Os-wired HRP-modified carbon electrodes to obtain bi-enzymatic biosensors. The three sensor have low working potentials (+0.4 V, −0.1 V and −0.05 V vs Ag/AgCl, respectively), a linear range of two orders of magnitude (from 0.01 to 1 mM BA), good reproducibility (variability lower than 10 %), high repeatability (up to 8 consecutive measurements), limits of detection in the µM concentration range for Hist and in the sub-µM concentration range for Put and Cad, and no response from possible interfering compounds. The DAO-MB conjugates display excellent long-term stability (at least 3 months). The biosensor has been applied to the determination of BAs in spiked and naturally-spoiled fish, demonstrating its suitability both as screening tool and for BAs quantification. The use of MBs as supports for enzyme immobilisation is advantageous because the resulting biosensors are simple, fast, stable, affordable, and can be integrated into array platforms. This makes them suitable for high-throughput analysis of BAs in the food industry.

Magnetic beads are used as diamine oxidase immobilisation supports for the development of amperometric biosensors for the detection of histamine, putrescine and cadaverine. Fast, low-cost, stable and easy-to-use biosensors for high-throughput monitoring of biogenic amines are achieved.

BA: Biogenic Amine; DAO: Diamine oxidase; HRP: Horseradish peroxidase.

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Acknowledgments

The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad through the DIANA (BIO2011-26311) project. The authors also acknowledge Pere Campàs for the gift of sea bass samples. Sandra Leonardo acknowledges scholarship from IRTA – Universitat Rovira i Virgili – Banco Santander (2013PIPF URV-IRTA-BS-01).

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  1. IRTA, Carretera de Poble Nou, km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain

    Sandra Leonardo & Mònica Campàs

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  1. Sandra Leonardo
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  2. Mònica Campàs
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Correspondence to Mònica Campàs.

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Leonardo, S., Campàs, M. Electrochemical enzyme sensor arrays for the detection of the biogenic amines histamine, putrescine and cadaverine using magnetic beads as immobilisation supports. Microchim Acta 183, 1881–1890 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1821-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1821-8

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