Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Photometric determination of free cholesterol via cholesterol oxidase and carbon nanotube supported Prussian blue as a peroxidase mimic

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Microchimica Acta Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The authors describe a photometric method for the determination of free cholesterol based on the oxidation of cholesterol by the catalytic action of the enzyme cholesterol oxidase. The hydrogen peroxide formed is used to oxidize the chromogenic compound 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by exploiting the peroxidase-like activity of carbon nanotube-supported Prussian blue (PB). This enzyme mimic was synthesized from a mixture of ferric chloride and hexacyanoferrate(III) in the presence of intrinsically reducing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. The composite can trigger the formation of a blue-green dye from TMB in the presence of H2O2. The findings were exploited to design a photometric (652 nm) assay that has a linear response in the 4 to 100 μM cholesterol concentration range and a 3 μM detection limit. The practicability of the method was verified by the successful analysis of free cholesterol in human blood samples.

Schematic of a carbon nanotube-supported Prussian blue (PB/MWCNT) hybrid used as a promising peroxidase mimic. It has the advantages of low cost, simple synthesis, high activity, and good stability. PB/MWCNTs along with cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) are used in a colorimetric assay for the determination of free cholesterol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Saric M, Kronzon I (2011) Cholesterol embolization syndrome. Curr Opin Cardiol 26:472–479

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wisitsoraat A, Sritongkham P, Karuwan C, Phokharatkul D, Maturos T, Tuantranont A (2010) Fast cholesterol detection using flow injection microfluidic device with functionalized carbon nanotubes based electrochemical sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 26:1514–1520

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hayat A, Haider W, Raza Y, Marty JL (2015) Colorimetric cholesterol sensor based on peroxidase-like activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporated carbon nanotubes. Talanta 143:157–161

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Bui TT, Park SY (2016) A carbon dot-hemoglobin complex-based biosensor for cholesterol detection. Green Chem 18:4245–4253

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Tong YJ, Li HD, Guan HM, Zhao JM, Majeed S, Anjum S, Liang F, Xu GB (2013) Electrochemical cholesterol sensor based on carbon nanotube@molecularly imprinted polymer modified ceramic carbon electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 47:553–558

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Cai XJ, Gao X, Wang LS, Wu Q, Lin XF (2013) A layer-by-layer assembled and carbon nanotubes/gold nanoparticles-based bienzyme biosensor for cholesterol detection. Sensor Actuat B-Chem 181:575–583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Hanefeld U, Cao LQ, Magner E (2013) Enzyme immobilisation: fundamentals and application. Chem Soc Rev 42:6211–6212

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Gao LZ, Zhuang J, Nie L, Zhang JB, Zhang Y, Gu N, Wang TH, Feng J, Yang DL, Perrett S, Yan X (2007) Intrinsic peroxidase-like activity of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol 2:577–583

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yan J, Huang YF, Zhang CH, Fang ZZ, Bai WH, Yan MM, Zhu C, Chen AL (2017) Aptamer based photometric assay for the antibiotic sulfadimethoxine based on the inhibition and reactivation of the peroxidase-like activity of gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 184:59–63

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Pan N, Li-Ying W, Wu LL, Peng CF, Xie ZJ (2017) Colorimetric determination of cysteine by exploiting its inhibitory action on the peroxidase-like activity of au@Pt core-shell nanohybrids. Microchim Acta 184:65–72

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Niu XH, He YF, Pan JM, Li X, Qiu FX, Yan YS, Shi LB, Zhao HL, Lan MB (2016) Uncapped nanobranch-based CuS clews used as an efficient peroxidase mimic enable the visual detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose with fast response. Anal Chim Acta 947:42–49

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Ding CP, Yan YH, Xiang DS, Zhang CL, Xian YZ (2016) Magnetic Fe3S4 nanoparticles with peroxidase-like activity, and their use in a photometric enzymatic glucose assay. Microchim Acta 183:625–631

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Espinosa JC, Navalon S, Primo A, Moral M, Sanz JF, Alvaro M, Garcia H (2015) Graphenes as efficient metal-free fenton catalysts. Chem Eur J 21:11966–11971

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Chen J, Chen Q, Chen JY, Qiu HD (2016) Magnetic carbon nitride nanocomposites as enhanced peroxidase mimetics for use in colorimetric bioassays, and their application to the determination of H2O2 and glucose. Microchim Acta 183:3191–3199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Wei H, Wang EK (2013) Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (nanoenzymes): next-generation artificial enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 42:6060–6093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Nasir M, Nawaz MH, Latif U, Yaqub M, Hayat A, Rahim A (2017) An overview on enzyme-mimicking nanomaterials for use in electrochemical and optical assays. Microchim Acta 184:323–342

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Zhao Y, Qiang H, Chen ZB (2017) Colorimetric determination of hg(II) based on a visually detectable signal amplification induced by a cu@au-hg trimetallic amalgam with peroxidase-like activity. Microchim Acta 184:107–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Ferlay S, Mallah T, Ouahes R, Veillet P, Verdaguer M (1995) A room-temperature organometallic magnet based on Prussian blue. Nature 378:701–703

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. DeLongchamp DM, Hammond PT (2004) High-contrast electrochromism and controllable dissolution of assembled Prussian blue/polymer nanocomposites. Adv Funct Mater 14:224–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Kong B, Selomulya C, Zheng GF, Zhao DY (2015) New faces of porous Prussian blue: interfacial assembly of integrated hetero-structures for sensing applications. Chem Soc Rev 44:7997–8018

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Čunderlová V, Hlaváček A, Horňáková V, Peterek M, Němeček D, Hampl A, Eyer L, Skládal P (2015) Catalytic nanocrystalline coordination polymers as an efficient peroxidase mimic for labeling and optical immunoassays. Microchim Acta 183:651–658

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Karyakin AA, Karyakina EE (1999) Prussian blue-based ‘artificial peroxidase’ as a transducer for hydrogen peroxide detection: application to biosensors. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem. 57:268–273

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Liu Y, Chu ZY, Jin WQ (2009) A sensitivity-controlled hydrogen peroxide sensor based on self-assembled Prussian blue modified electrode. Electrochem Commun 11:484–487

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang T, Fu YC, Chai LY, Chao L, Bu LJ, Meng Y, Chen C, Ma M, Xie QJ, Yao SZ (2014) Filling carbon nanotubes with Prussian blue nanoparticles of high peroxidase-like catalytic activity for colorimetric chemoand biosensing. Chem Eur J 20:2623–2630

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Dujardin E, Ebbesen TW, Krishnan A, Treacy MMJ (1998) Purification of single-shell nanotubes. Adv Mater 10:611–613

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Taguchi M, Yagi I, Nakagawa M, Iyoda T, Einaga Y (2006) Photocontrolled magnetization of CdS-modified Prussian blue nanoparticles. J Am Chem Soc 128:10978–10982

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Nie P, Shen LF, Luo HF, Ding B, Xu GY, Wang J, Zhang XG (2014) Prussian blue analogues: a new class of anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J Mater Chem A 2:5852–5857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang WM, Ma D, Du JX (2014) Prussian blue nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetics for sensitive colorimetric detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose. Talanta 120:362–367

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Ding N, Yan N, Ren CL, Chen XG (2010) Colorimetric determination of melamine in dairy products by Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles-H2O2-ABTS detection system. Anal Chem 82:5897–5899

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Cheng HJ, Zhang L, He J, Guo WJ, Zhou ZY, Zhang XJ, Nie SM, H. Wei (2016) Integrated nanozymes with nanoscale proximity for in vivo neurochemical monitoring in living brains. Anal Chem 88:5489–5497

  31. Shi WJ, Fan H, Ai SY, Zhu LS (2015) Honeycomb-like nitrogen-doped porous carbon supporting Pt nanoparticles as enzyme mimic for colorimetric detection of cholesterol. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem. 221:1515–1522

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Nirala NR, Pandey S, Bansal A, Singh VK, Mukherjee B, Saxena PS, Srivastava A (2015) Different shades of cholesterol: gold nanoparticles supported on MoS2 nanoribbons for enhanced colorimetric sensing of free cholesterol. Biosens Bioelectron 74:207–213

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Nirala NR, Abraham S, Kumar V, Bansal A, Srivastava A, Saxena PS (2015) Colorimetric detection of cholesterol based on highly efficient peroxidase mimetic activity of graphene quantum dots. Sensor. Actuat. B-Chem. 218:42–50

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Tyagi M, Chandran A, Joshi T, Prakash J, Agrawal VV, Biradar AM (2014) Self assembled monolayer based liquid crystal biosensor for free cholesterol detection. Appl Phys Lett 104:154104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Lee YJ, Park JY (2010) Nonenzymatic free-cholesterol detection via a modified highly sensitive macroporous gold electrode with platinum nanoparticles. Biosens Bioelectron 26:1353–1358

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21605061 and 31601549), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20160489), the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (No. 16KJB150009), the Postdoctoral Fund of China (No. 2016 M600365), the Postdoctoral Fund of Jiangsu Province (No. 1601015B), the Open Fund from the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry (No. SKLFMC201601), the Start-Up Research Fund of Jiangsu University (No. 15JDG143), and the Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Green Chemistry and Chemical Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Yanfang He, Xiangheng Niu, Xin Li, Wenchi Zhang, Jianming Pan, Xifeng Zhang & Yongsheng Yan

  2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Libo Shi, Hongli Zhao & Minbo Lan

  3. State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China

    Minbo Lan

Authors
  1. Yanfang He
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiangheng Niu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Libo Shi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hongli Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Xin Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Wenchi Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jianming Pan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xifeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Yongsheng Yan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Minbo Lan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Xiangheng Niu, Xifeng Zhang or Minbo Lan.

Ethics declarations

The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.

Electronic supplementary material

ESM 1

(DOCX 1477 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

He, Y., Niu, X., Shi, L. et al. Photometric determination of free cholesterol via cholesterol oxidase and carbon nanotube supported Prussian blue as a peroxidase mimic. Microchim Acta 184, 2181–2189 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2235-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-017-2235-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation