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Intensification of tropical cyclone FANI observed by INSAT-3DR rapid scan data

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Abstract

Geo-stationary satellite images are one of the primary tools for real-time monitoring and intensity analysis of tropical cyclones (TCs) in spite of other complimentary remote sensing sensors like scatterometers, microwave imagers and sounders, mounted on the polar orbiting satellites. The weather activities over the Indian region are continuously monitored by two Indian geostationary satellites, viz. INSAT-3D and INSAT-3DR, for every 15 min in staggered mode. During extreme weather events like TCs, INSAT-3DR is operated in rapid scan operation mode by taking observations over the system in every 4-min interval. These observations are highly useful in understanding the instantaneous structural changes during evolution, intensification and landfall of TC. In this study, an attempt has been made to present the salient observations over the cloud systems by visible, thermal infrared (TIR1) and water vapour imageries of INSAT-3DR satellite during the life cycle of the TC FANI. The rapidly evolving small-scale features inside the inner core of TC FANI in high temporal resolution images are examined. The relationship between TC intensity and inner core TIR1 brightness temperature (BT) and the number of overshooting top clouds in the difference images of TIR1-WV BT have been presented by analysing the sequence of INSAT-3DR imageries. The strong correlation (r2 = 0.74) is obtained between the TC eye temperature and radial distance of the first overshooting cloud top. The 1 km × 1 km visible images of TC were found to have the presence of small-scale mesovortices in the eye region, which are a typical characteristic of intense TC system. Usefulness of high temporal satellite images generated using rapid scan mode is demonstrated for identifying the signatures of TC intensification.

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Data availability

The satellite data used in this study are available at www.mosdac.gov.in.

Code availability

The analysis of results used for the current study is available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director, Space Applications Centre (ISRO), Ahmedabad, and the Deputy Director of EPSA, SAC-ISRO. The authors acknowledge Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean India Meteorological Department (IMD), Delhi, for providing best tracks of NIO TCs through their website. The satellite observations of INSAT-3DR are obtained from MOSDAC (www.mosdac.gov.in). The authors acknowledge the valuable comments and guidance provided by Dr. P. K. Thapliyal, Head GRD/AOSG/EPSA/SAC-ISRO. The authors acknowledge the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestion to improve the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Group, Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Department of Space, Govt. of India, Ahmedabad, 380015, India

    Neeru Jaiswal, Sanjib K. Deb & Chandra M. Kishtawal

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  1. Neeru Jaiswal
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  2. Sanjib K. Deb
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  3. Chandra M. Kishtawal
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Contributions

NJ conceived the idea and performed maximum computations. NJ and SKD analysed the results from the computations and wrote the manuscript. CMK added his expertise in the analysed results and overhauled it in the present form.

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Correspondence to Sanjib K. Deb.

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Jaiswal, N., Deb, S.K. & Kishtawal, C.M. Intensification of tropical cyclone FANI observed by INSAT-3DR rapid scan data. Theor Appl Climatol 148, 661–670 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-03957-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-022-03957-1

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