Abstract
The paper examines the effects of environmental uncertainty on Pigouvian tax and abatement policy used, either separately or contemporaneously, to counteract pollution. We discuss these effects by introducing three kinds of risk: risk on the environmental quality, risk on the impact of pollution and risk on the impact of abatement. For each case we determine the conditions ensuring that risk increases the size of public intervention and provide an economic interpretation and some parallelisms with other risk problems. The last part of the paper generalizes some of our results to the case of N-th order risk changes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Angelopoulos K, Economides G, Philippopoulos A (2010) What is the best environmental policy? Taxes, permits and rules under economic and environmental uncertainty. CESifo Working Paper No. 2980
Ayong Le Kama A (2001) Preservation and exogenous uncertain future preferences. Econ Theory 18: 745–752
Ayong Le Kama A, Schubert K (2004) Growth, environment and uncertain future preferences. Environ Resour Econ 28: 31–53
Baumol WA, Oates WE (1988) The theory of environmental policy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Beltratti A, Chichilnisky G, Heal GM (1998) Uncertain future preferences and conservation. In: Chichilnisky G, Heal M, Vercelli A (eds) Sustainability: dynamics and uncertainty, pp 257–275. Kluwer Academic Pubblishers, Dordrecht
Chiu WH, Eeckhoudt L (2010) The effects of stochastic wages and non-labor income on labor supply: update and extensions. J Econ (forthcoming)
Courbage C (2001) On bivariate risk premia. Theory Decis 50: 29–34
Courbage C, Rey B (2007) Precautionary saving in the presence of other risks. Econ Theory 32: 417–424
Denuit MM, Eeckhoudt L, Menegatti M (2011) Correlated risks, bivariate utility and optimal choices. Econ Theory 46: 39–54
Drèze J, Modigliani F (1972) Consumption decision under uncertainty. J Econ Theory 5: 308–335
Economides G, Philippopoulos A (2008) Growth enhancing policy is the means to sustain the environment. Rev Econ Dyn 11: 207–219
Eeckhoudt L, Gollier C (2005) The impact of prudence on optimal prevention. Econ Theory 26: 989–994
Eeckhoudt L, Rey B, Schlesinger H (2007) A good sign for multivariate risk taking. Manag Sci 53: 117–124
Eeckhoudt L, Schlesinger H (2006) Putting risk in its proper place. Am Econ Rev 96: 280–289
Eeckhoudt L, Schlesinger H (2008) Changes in risk and the demand for savings. J Monet Econ 55: 1329–1336
Ekern S (1980) Increasing Nth degree risk. Econ Lett 6: 329–333
Finkelshtain I, Kella O, Scarsini M (1999) On risk aversion with two risks. J Math Econ 31: 239–250
Geweke J (2001) A note on some limitations of CRRA utility. Econ Lett 71: 341–345
Gollier C, Jullien B, Treich N (2000) Scientific progress and irreversibility: an economic interpretation of the precautionary principle. J Public Econ 75: 229–253
Gradus R, Smulders S (1993) The trade-off between environmental care and long-term growth-pollution in three prototype growth model. J Econ 1: 25–51
Gupta MR, Barman TR (2009) Fiscal policies, environmental pollution and economic growth. Econ Model 26: 1018–1028
Heal GM (1984) Interaction between economy and climate: a framework for policy design uncertainty. In: Smith VK, White AD (eds) Advances in applied microeconomics, vol 2. JAI Press, Stamford
Heal G, Kriström B (2002) Uncertainty and climate change. Environ Resour Econ 22: 3–39
Helfand GE, Berck P, Maull T (2003) The theory of pollution policy. Handbook of Environmental Economics, Chap 6, vol 1, pp 249–303
Ingersoll JE (1987) Theory of financial decision making. Rowman and Littlefield, Totowa
IPCC (2007) Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, IPCC
Keeler K, Bolker BM, Bradford DF (2004) Uncertain climate thresholds and optimal economic growth. J Environ Econ Manag 48: 723–741
Kimball MS (1990) Precautionary savings in the small and in the large. Econometrica 58: 53–73
Leland H (1968) Saving and uncertainty: the precautionary demand for saving. Q J Econ 82: 465–473
Menegatti M (2001) On the conditions for precautionary saving. J Econ Theory 98: 189–193
Menegatti M (2007) A new interpretation for the precautionary saving motive: a note. J Econ 92: 275–280
Menegatti M (2009a) Precautionary saving in the presence of other risks: a comment. Econ Theory 39: 473–476
Menegatti M (2009b) Optimal saving in the presence of two risks. J Econ 96: 277–288
Menegatti M (2009c) Optimal prevention and prudence in a two-period model. Math Soc Sci 58: 393–397
Menezes C, Geiss C, Tressler J (1980) Increasing downside risk. Am Econ Rev 70: 921–932
Menezes C, Wang H (2005) Increasing outer risk. J Math Econ 41: 875–886
Michel P, Rotillon G (1995) Disutility on pollution and endogenous growth. Environ Resour Econ 6: 279–300
Mohtadi H (1996) Environment growth, and optimal policy design. J Public Econ 63: 119–140
Nordhaus WD (1994) Managing the global commons: the economics of climate change. MIT Press, Cambridge
Nordhaus WD (2009) An analysis of the dismal theorem (unpublished)
Nordhaus WD, Boyer J (2000) Warming the world: economic models of global warming. MIT Press, Cambridge
Pratt JW (1964) Risk aversion in the small and in the large. Econometrica 32: 122–136
Pratt JW (1988) Aversion to one risk in the presence of others. J Risk Uncertain 1: 395–413
Pigou AC (1924) The economics of welfare. 2nd edn. McMillan, London
Pindyck RS (2000) Irreversibilities and the timing of environmental policy. Resour Energy Econ 22: 233–260
Pindyck RS (2002) Optimal timing problems in environmental economics. J Econ Dyn 22: 1677–1697
Pindyck RS (2009) Uncertain outcomes and climate change policy. NBER Working Paper 15259
Rothschild M, Stiglitz J (1971) Increasing risk II: economic consequences. J Econ Theory 3: 66–84
Sandmo A (1970) The effect of uncertainty on saving decisions. Rev Econ Stud 37: 353–360
Smulders S, Gradus R (1996) Pollution abatement and long-term growth. Eur J Political Econ 12: 505–532
Soretz S (2007) Efficient dynamic pollution taxation in an uncertain environment. Environ Resour Econ 36: 57–84
Stone BL (1970) Risk, return and equilibrium. MIT Press, Cambridge
Ulph A, Ulph D (1997) Global warming, irreversibility and learning. Econ J 107: 636–650
United Nations (1997) Glossary of environment statistics, studies in methods, Series F, No. 67. United Nations, New York
Weitzman ML (2009a) On modeling and interpreting the economics of catastrophic climate change. Rev Econ Stat 91: 1–19
Weitzman ML (2009b) Reactions to the Nordhaus critique (unpublished)
Weitzman ML (2009c) Additive damages, fat-tailed climate dynamics, and uncertain discounting. Economics, The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-journal (discussion paper)
Xepapadeas A (2005) Economic growth and the environment. Handbook of environmental economics, Chap 23, vol 3, pp 1219–1271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baiardi, D., Menegatti, M. Pigouvian tax, abatement policies and uncertainty on the environment. J Econ 103, 221–251 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-011-0199-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00712-011-0199-7