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Microwave-assisted synthesis of tin sulfide nanoflakes and their electrochemical performance as Li-inserting materials

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Abstract

A novel and quick method has been developed for the preparation of tin sulfide (SnS and SnS2) nanoflakes in high yield (≈93%) by a microwave irradiation technique for 10–40 min. The sulfides were synthesized in a simple domestic microwave oven (DMO) using stannic chloride and stanous chloride as the precursors of tin and thiourea as the precursor of sulfur in ethylene glycol under argon atmosphere. Elemental sulfur and sodium thiosulfate were also tried as precursors of sulfur. The structures, morphologies, compositions, and physical properties of the products were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and standard electrochemical techniques. The XRD patterns indicate that the as-synthesized product, obtained after microwave irradiation, is crystalline orthorhombic in the case of the SnS phase and amorphous in the case of SnS2. Heat treatment of this SnS2 produced a crystalline hexagonal phase. A possible mechanism for the formation of the tin sulfide nanoflakes is proposed herein. The electrochemical performance of these materials as Li-insertion materials was investigated in a number of electrolyte solutions and was found to be highly sensitive to the solution composition. A stable reversible capacity higher than 600 mAh/g could be obtained with SnS electrodes.

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Acknowledgement

Partial support for this work was obtained from the EC within the framework of the 5th Program of the Nanobatt Project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Kanbar Laboratory for Nanomaterials at Bar-Ilan University, Center for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel

    Chitta R. Patra, Vilas G. Pol & Aharon Gedanken

  2. Department of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, 52900, Israel

    Ayelet Odani & Doron Aurbach

Authors
  1. Chitta R. Patra
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  2. Ayelet Odani
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  3. Vilas G. Pol
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  4. Doron Aurbach
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  5. Aharon Gedanken
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Correspondence to Doron Aurbach.

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Patra, C.R., Odani, A., Pol, V.G. et al. Microwave-assisted synthesis of tin sulfide nanoflakes and their electrochemical performance as Li-inserting materials. J Solid State Electrochem 11, 186–194 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-005-0086-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-005-0086-7

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