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The effect of ‘crystallinity’ and structural disorder on the electrochemical performance of substituted nickel hydroxide electrodes

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Abstract

βbc-Nickel hydroxide exhibit non-uniform broadening reflections in their PXRD pattern due to the presence of structural disorder. βbc-Nickel hydroxide electrodes with smaller crystallite size and structural disorder reversibly exchanges 0.9e/Ni. Co/Zn/Ca/Cd-substituted βbc-nickel hydroxide samples also display non-uniform broadening of reflections in their powder X-ray diffraction patterns with smaller crystallite size and exchanges 0.7–0.8e/Ni. Hydrothermal treatment of βbc-nickel hydroxide slurry at 170 °C results in an ordering of reflections in their powder X-ray diffraction pattern with an increased crystallite size. Crystalline β-nickel hydroxide electrode reversibly exchanges 0.3–0.4e/Ni. Hydrothermal-treated Co/Zn/Ca/Cd-substituted βbc-nickel hydroxide slurries at 170 °C display sharp reflections with similar crystallite size and electrochemical activities as that of crystalline β-nickel hydroxide. This clearly demonstrates that partial substitution of Co/Zn/Ca/Cd in the nickel hydroxide matrix does not show any dramatic improvement in their electrochemical activity at 25–30 °C. Structural disordered material with smaller crystallite size delivers electrochemical activity close to theoretical capacity.

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Acknowledgment

T.N.R thanks the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, GOI, for the award of Senior Research Fellowship (NET) and Research Associate fellowship. P.V.K. thanks the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (GOI), for financial support. He is a recipient of the Ramanna Fellowship. Authors thank the Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit of the Indian Institute of Science for powder X-ray diffraction facilities.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, Central College, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 001, India

    T. N. Ramesh & P. Vishnu Kamath

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  1. T. N. Ramesh
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  2. P. Vishnu Kamath
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Correspondence to T. N. Ramesh.

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Ramesh, T.N., Vishnu Kamath, P. The effect of ‘crystallinity’ and structural disorder on the electrochemical performance of substituted nickel hydroxide electrodes. J Solid State Electrochem 13, 763–771 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0591-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-008-0591-6

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