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Inorganic-based sol–gel synthesis of nano-structured LiFePO4/C composite materials for lithium ion batteries

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Abstract

An inorganic and non-toxic compounds combination of FeCl2·4H2O, Li2CO3 and H3PO4 was chosen to synthesize homogeneous nano-structured LiFePO4/C composite material via a simplified sol–gel route. The dependency of the physicochemical properties and the corresponding electrochemical responses on the residual carbon content were investigated in details. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction measurement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the feasibility of preparing pure LiFePO4 phase via this approach. With increasing amount of residual carbon, the particles size gradually decreased and the bulk electrical conductivity monotonically increased. However, the higher level of residual carbon would bring disadvantageous impact on the lithium ion diffusion. Due to high electrical conductivity, controlled particle size and suitable microstructure, the sample with 4.5 wt.% residual carbon exhibited stable cycling performance and delivered high discharge capacity of 163, 119 and 108 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C, 5 C and 10 C, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the financial support from National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant (No. 50632040 and No. 50802049) and Shenzhen Technical Plan Project (NO. JP200806230010A and No. SG200810150054A). We also appreciate the financial support from Guangdong Province Innovation R&D Team Plan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Advanced Materials Institute, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China

    Jun Ma, Baohua Li, Hongda Du & Chengjun Xu

  2. Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China

    Jun Ma & Feiyu Kang

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  1. Jun Ma
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  2. Baohua Li
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  3. Hongda Du
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  4. Chengjun Xu
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  5. Feiyu Kang
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Correspondence to Feiyu Kang.

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Ma, J., Li, B., Du, H. et al. Inorganic-based sol–gel synthesis of nano-structured LiFePO4/C composite materials for lithium ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 16, 1353–1362 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1491-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1491-8

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