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Electrochemical preparation of α-Ni(OH)2 ultrafine nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitors

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Abstract

Well-dispersed nanoparticles of nickel hydroxide were prepared via a simple electrochemical method. Electrodeposition experiments were performed from 0.005 M Ni(NO3)2 bath at a constant current density of 0.1 mA cm−2 on the steel cathode for 1 h. Recording the potential values during the deposition process revealed that the reduction of water has major role in the base electrogeneration at the applied conditions. The obtained deposit was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR), differential scanning calorimeter–thermogravimetric analysis, carbon–nitrogen–hydrogen (CHN), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The CHN, XRD, and IR analyses showed that the obtained deposit has α phase of Ni(OH)2 with intercalated nitrate ions in its structure. Morphological characterization by SEM and TEM revealed that the prepared α-Ni(OH)2 is composed of well-dispersed ultrafine particles with the size of about 5 nm. The supercapacitive performance of the prepared nanoparticles was analyzed by means of cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge tests. The electrochemical measurements showed an excellent supercapacitive behavior of the prepared α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles. It was also observed that the α-Ni(OH)2 ultrafine particles have better electrochemical characteristic and supercapacitive behavior than β-Ni(OH)2 ultrafine nanoparticles, including less positive charging potential, lower E a − E c value, better reversibility, higher E OER − E a, higher utilization of active material, higher proton diffusion coefficient, greater discharge capacity, and better cyclability. These results make the α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles as an excellent candidate for the supercapacitor materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Ray Branch, Tehran, Iran

    Mustafa Aghazadeh, Behrouz Sabour & Somayeh Dalvand

  2. Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Golestan University, P.O. Box 49138-15739, Gorgan, Iran

    Mehdi Ghaemi

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  1. Mustafa Aghazadeh
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  2. Mehdi Ghaemi
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  4. Somayeh Dalvand
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Correspondence to Mustafa Aghazadeh.

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Research Highlights

- A facile route was proposed for the preparation of ultrafine α-Ni(OH)2 nanoparticles.

- Excellent reaction reversibility and high proton diffusion coefficient was observed.

- High specific capacity and excellent long-term cycling stability was observed.

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Aghazadeh, M., Ghaemi, M., Sabour, B. et al. Electrochemical preparation of α-Ni(OH)2 ultrafine nanoparticles for high-performance supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 18, 1569–1584 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2381-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2381-7

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