Skip to main content
Erschienen in: International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 3/2015

01.06.2015 | Regular Paper

Statistical model checking for biological systems

verfasst von: Alexandre David, Kim G. Larsen, Axel Legay, Marius Mikučionis, Danny Bøgsted Poulsen, Sean Sedwards

Erschienen in: International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer | Ausgabe 3/2015

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Statistical Model Checking (SMC) is a highly scalable simulation-based verification approach for testing and estimating the probability that a stochastic system satisfies a given linear temporal property. The technique has been applied to (discrete and continuous time) Markov chains, stochastic timed automata and most recently hybrid systems using the tool Uppaal SMC. In this paper we enable the application of SMC to complex biological systems, by combining Uppaal SMC with ANIMO, a plugin of the tool Cytoscape used by biologists, as well as with SimBiology®, a plugin of Matlab to simulate reactions. ANIMO and SimBiology® are two domain specific tools that have their own user interfaces and formalisms specifically tailored towards the biology domain. However—though providing means for simulation—both tools lack the powerful analytic capabilities offered by SMC, which in previous work have proved very useful for identifying interesting properties of biological systems. Our aim is to offer the best of the two worlds: optimal domain specific interfaces and formalisms suited to biology combined with powerful SMC analysis techniques for stochastic and hybrid systems. This goal is obtained by developing translators from the XGMML and SBML formats used by Cytoscape and SimBiology® to stochastic and hybrid automata, allowing Uppaal SMC to be used as an efficient backend analysis tool, that we demonstrate can handle real-world biological systems by pitting it against the BioModels database. We present detailed analysis on two particular case-studies involving the ANIMO and SimBiology® tools.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Fußnoten
4
In fact the colouring of the nodes represent how large a fraction of each species is active.
 
7
They can be added to the CTMC model as well but this is not yet implemented.
 
8
The individual scaling or simulation steps are not reported here for brevity.
 
9
e.g. StateSpace approach is not applicable due to multiple species coupling.
 
Literatur
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Barkai, N., Leibler, S.: Biological rhythms: circadian clocks limited by noise. Nature 403, 267–268 (2000) Barkai, N., Leibler, S.: Biological rhythms: circadian clocks limited by noise. Nature 403, 267–268 (2000)
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Basu, A., Bensalem, S., Bozga, M., Caillaud, B., Delahaye, B., Legay, A.: Statistical abstraction and model-checking of large heterogeneous systems. In: Hatcliff, J., Zucca, E. (eds.) Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems, vol. 6117 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 32–46. Springer, Berlin (2010). ISBN: 978-3-642-13463-0. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13464-74 Basu, A., Bensalem, S., Bozga, M., Caillaud, B., Delahaye, B., Legay, A.: Statistical abstraction and model-checking of large heterogeneous systems. In: Hatcliff, J., Zucca, E. (eds.) Formal Techniques for Distributed Systems, vol. 6117 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 32–46. Springer, Berlin (2010). ISBN: 978-3-642-13463-0. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-13464-74
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Behrmann, G., David, A., Larsen, K.G.: A Tutorial on Uppaal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 200–236 (2004) Behrmann, G., David, A., Larsen, K.G.: A Tutorial on Uppaal. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 200–236 (2004)
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Behrmann, Gerd, David, Alexandre, Larsen, Kim Guldstrand, Pettersson, Paul, Yi, Wang: Developing UPPAAL over 15 years. Softw. Pract. Exper 41(2), 133–142 (2011). doi:10.1002/spe.1006 CrossRef Behrmann, Gerd, David, Alexandre, Larsen, Kim Guldstrand, Pettersson, Paul, Yi, Wang: Developing UPPAAL over 15 years. Softw. Pract. Exper 41(2), 133–142 (2011). doi:10.​1002/​spe.​1006 CrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulychev, P., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M.: Computing Nash Equilibrium in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: A Simulation-Based Approach. In: Reich, J., Finkbeiner, B. (eds.) Second International Workshop on Interactions, Games and Protocols, vol. 78 of EPTCS, pp. 1–14 (2012). doi:10.4204/EPTCS.78 Bulychev, P., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M.: Computing Nash Equilibrium in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks: A Simulation-Based Approach. In: Reich, J., Finkbeiner, B. (eds.) Second International Workshop on Interactions, Games and Protocols, vol. 78 of EPTCS, pp. 1–14 (2012). doi:10.​4204/​EPTCS.​78
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulychev, P.E., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Li, G., Poulsen, D.B.: Rewrite-Based Statistical Model Checking of WMTL. In: Qadeer S., Tasiran, S. (ed.) RV, vol. 7687 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 260–275. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN: 978-3-642-35631-5-642-35632-2. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-35632-225 Bulychev, P.E., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Li, G., Poulsen, D.B.: Rewrite-Based Statistical Model Checking of WMTL. In: Qadeer S., Tasiran, S. (ed.) RV, vol. 7687 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 260–275. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN: 978-3-642-35631-5-642-35632-2. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-35632-225
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Bulychev, P.E., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Li, G., Poulsen, D.B., Stainer, A.: Monitor-Based Statistical Model Checking for Weighted Metric Temporal Logic. In: Bjørner, N., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR, vol. 7180 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 168–182. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-28716-9. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28717-615 Bulychev, P.E., David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Li, G., Poulsen, D.B., Stainer, A.: Monitor-Based Statistical Model Checking for Weighted Metric Temporal Logic. In: Bjørner, N., Voronkov, A. (eds.) LPAR, vol. 7180 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 168–182. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-28716-9. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-28717-615
10.
Zurück zum Zitat David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., van Vliet, J., Wang, Z.: Statistical Model Checking for Networks of Priced Timed Automata. In: Fahrenberg, U., Tripakis, S. (eds.) FORMATS, vol. 6919 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 80–96. Springer, Berlin (2011). ISBN:978-3-642-24309-7. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-24310-37 David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., van Vliet, J., Wang, Z.: Statistical Model Checking for Networks of Priced Timed Automata. In: Fahrenberg, U., Tripakis, S. (eds.) FORMATS, vol. 6919 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 80–96. Springer, Berlin (2011). ISBN:978-3-642-24309-7. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-24310-37
11.
Zurück zum Zitat David, A., Du, D., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., Sedwards, S.: Statistical Model Checking for Stochastic Hybrid Systems. In: Bartocci, E., Bortolussi, L. (eds.) HSB, vol. 92 of EPTCS, pp. 122–136 (2012). doi:10.4204/EPTCS.92.9 David, A., Du, D., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., Sedwards, S.: Statistical Model Checking for Stochastic Hybrid Systems. In: Bartocci, E., Bortolussi, L. (eds.) HSB, vol. 92 of EPTCS, pp. 122–136 (2012). doi:10.​4204/​EPTCS.​92.​9
13.
Zurück zum Zitat David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M.: Schedulability of Herschel-Planck Revisited Using Statistical Model Checking. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA (2), vol. 7610 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 293–307. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-34031-4. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34032-128 David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M.: Schedulability of Herschel-Planck Revisited Using Statistical Model Checking. In: Margaria, T., Steffen, B. (eds.) ISoLA (2), vol. 7610 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 293–307. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-34031-4. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-34032-128
14.
Zurück zum Zitat David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., Sedwards, S.: Runtime Verification of Biological Systems. In: ISoLA (1), pp. 388–404 (2012). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-34026-029 David, A., Larsen, K.G., Legay, A., Mikučionis, M., Poulsen, D.B., Sedwards, S.: Runtime Verification of Biological Systems. In: ISoLA (1), pp. 388–404 (2012). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-34026-029
16.
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Jegourel, C., Legay, A., Sedwards, S.: A platform for high performance statistical model checking—PLASMA. In: Flanagan, C., König, B. (eds.) Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, vol. 7214 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 498–503. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-28755-8. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-28756-537 Jegourel, C., Legay, A., Sedwards, S.: A platform for high performance statistical model checking—PLASMA. In: Flanagan, C., König, B. (eds.) Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, vol. 7214 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 498–503. Springer, Berlin (2012). ISBN:978-3-642-28755-8. doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-28756-537
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Legay, A., Delahaye, B., Bensalem, S.: Statistical Model Checking: An Overview. In: RV, vol. 6418 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 122–135. Springer, Berlin (2010). doi:10.1007/978-3-642-16612-911 Legay, A., Delahaye, B., Bensalem, S.: Statistical Model Checking: An Overview. In: RV, vol. 6418 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 122–135. Springer, Berlin (2010). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-16612-911
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Schivo, S., Scholma, J., Wanders, B., Urquidi Camacho, R.A., van der Vet, P.E., Karperien, M., Langerak, R., van de Pol, J., Post, J.N.: Modelling biological pathway dynamics with Timed Automata. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. PP(99):1–1 (2013). ISSN:2168–2194. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2013.2292880 Schivo, S., Scholma, J., Wanders, B., Urquidi Camacho, R.A., van der Vet, P.E., Karperien, M., Langerak, R., van de Pol, J., Post, J.N.: Modelling biological pathway dynamics with Timed Automata. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. PP(99):1–1 (2013). ISSN:2168–2194. doi:10.​1109/​JBHI.​2013.​2292880
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Schivo, S., Scholma, J., Wanders, B., Urquidi C., Ricardo A., van der Vet, Paul E., Karperien, M., Langerak, R., van de Pol, J., Post, J.N.: Modelling biological pathway dynamics with Timed Automata. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE), pp. 447–453 (2012) Schivo, S., Scholma, J., Wanders, B., Urquidi C., Ricardo A., van der Vet, Paul E., Karperien, M., Langerak, R., van de Pol, J., Post, J.N.: Modelling biological pathway dynamics with Timed Automata. In: Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE 12th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE), pp. 447–453 (2012)
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.: Statistical Model Checking of Black-Box Probabilistic Systems. In: CAV, LNCS 3114, pp. 202–215. Springer, Berlin (2004). doi:10.1007/978-3-540-27813-916 Sen, K., Viswanathan, M., Agha, G.: Statistical Model Checking of Black-Box Probabilistic Systems. In: CAV, LNCS 3114, pp. 202–215. Springer, Berlin (2004). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-540-27813-916
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Amin, N., Schwikowski, Benno, Ideker, Trey: Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13(11), 2498–2504 (2003). doi:10.1101/gr.1239303 CrossRef Shannon, P., Markiel, A., Ozier, O., Amin, N., Schwikowski, Benno, Ideker, Trey: Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks. Genome Res. 13(11), 2498–2504 (2003). doi:10.​1101/​gr.​1239303 CrossRef
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Younes, H.L.S., Simmons, R.G.: Probabilistic Verification of Discrete Event Systems Using Acceptance Sampling. In: Proceeding of 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV), LNCS 2404, pp. 223–235. Springer, Berlin (2002) Younes, H.L.S., Simmons, R.G.: Probabilistic Verification of Discrete Event Systems Using Acceptance Sampling. In: Proceeding of 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Verification (CAV), LNCS 2404, pp. 223–235. Springer, Berlin (2002)
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Younes, H.L.S.: Ymer: A Statistical Model Checker. In: Etessami, K., Rajamani, S.K. (eds.) Computer Aided Verification, vol. 3576 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 429–433. Springer, Berlin (2005). ISBN:978-3-540-27231-1. doi:10.1007/1151398843 Younes, H.L.S.: Ymer: A Statistical Model Checker. In: Etessami, K., Rajamani, S.K. (eds.) Computer Aided Verification, vol. 3576 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 429–433. Springer, Berlin (2005). ISBN:978-3-540-27231-1. doi:10.​1007/​1151398843
Metadaten
Titel
Statistical model checking for biological systems
verfasst von
Alexandre David
Kim G. Larsen
Axel Legay
Marius Mikučionis
Danny Bøgsted Poulsen
Sean Sedwards
Publikationsdatum
01.06.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer / Ausgabe 3/2015
Print ISSN: 1433-2779
Elektronische ISSN: 1433-2787
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-014-0323-4

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2015

International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 3/2015 Zur Ausgabe