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Patterns and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Boreal Streams: The Role of Processes, Connectivity, and Scaling

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Abstract

We bring together three decades of research from a boreal catchment to facilitate an improved mechanistic understanding of surface water dissolved organic carbon (DOC) regulation across multiple scales. The Krycklan Catchment Study encompasses 15 monitored nested research catchments, ranging from 3 to 6900 ha in size, as well as a set of monitored transects of forested and wetland soils. We show that in small homogenous catchments, hydrological functioning provides a first order control on the temporal variability of stream water DOC. In larger, more heterogeneous catchments, stream water DOC dynamics are regulated by the combined effect of hydrological mechanisms and the proportion of major landscape elements, such as wetland and forested areas. As a consequence, streams with heterogeneous catchments undergo a temporal switch in the DOC source. In a typical boreal catchment covered by 10-20% wetlands, DOC originates predominantly from wetland sources during low flow conditions. During high flow, the major source of DOC is from forested areas of the catchment. We demonstrate that by connecting knowledge about DOC sources in the landscape with detailed hydrological process understanding, an improved representation of stream water DOC regulation can be provided. The purpose of this study is to serve as a framework for appreciating the role of regulating mechanisms, connectivity and scaling for understanding the pattern and dynamics of surface water DOC across complex landscapes. The results from this study suggest that the sensitivity of stream water DOC in the boreal landscape ultimately depends on changes within individual landscape elements, the proportion and connectivity of these affected landscape elements, and how these changes are propagated downstream.

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Acknowledgments

The financial support for this study has over the years been provided by Swedish Science Foundation, Formas, ForWater, Swedish EPA, SKB, SLU and Future Forest. Numerous people have been involved in the sampling and lab work of which we especially thank Elof Manfredsson, Hans-Göran Nilsson and Peder Blomkvist. We also thank three anonymous reviewers for their suggested improvements of the text.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden

    Hjalmar Laudon & Anneli Ågren

  2. Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden

    Martin Berggren & Mats Jansson

  3. Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C3P8, Canada

    Martin Berggren

  4. Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA

    Ishi Buffam

  5. Department of Environmental Assessment, SLU, P.O. Box 7050, 75007, Uppsala, Sweden

    Kevin Bishop & Stephan Köhler

  6. Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, 75236, Uppsala, Sweden

    Kevin Bishop & Thomas Grabs

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  1. Hjalmar Laudon
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  2. Martin Berggren
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  3. Anneli Ågren
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  4. Ishi Buffam
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  5. Kevin Bishop
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  7. Mats Jansson
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  8. Stephan Köhler
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Correspondence to Hjalmar Laudon.

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H.L wrote the manuscript with active contributions from all co-authors. Data from this study has been collected over close to 30 years and would not have been possible without the important work by K.B., S.K., I.B., M.B., and H.L. The conceptual and more mechanistic modeling approach has been developed by H.L. together with all co-authors.

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Laudon, H., Berggren, M., Ågren, A. et al. Patterns and Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Boreal Streams: The Role of Processes, Connectivity, and Scaling. Ecosystems 14, 880–893 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9452-8

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