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Will CO2 Emissions from Drained Tropical Peatlands Decline Over Time? Links Between Soil Organic Matter Quality, Nutrients, and C Mineralization Rates

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Abstract

Conversion, drainage, and cultivation of tropical peatlands can change soil conditions, shifting the C balance of these systems, which is important for the global C cycle. We examined the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) quality and nutrients on CO2 production from peat decomposition using laboratory incubations of Indonesian peat soils from undrained forest in Kalimantan and drained oil palm plantations in Kalimantan and Sumatra. We found that oil palm soils had higher C/N and lower SOM quality than forest soils. Higher substrate quality and nutrient availability, particularly lower ratios of aromatic/aliphatic carbon and C/N, rather than total SOM or carbon, explained the higher rate of CO2 production by forest soils (10.80 ± 0.23 µg CO2–C g C h−1) compared to oil palm soils (5.34 ± 0.26 µg CO2–C g C h−1) from Kalimantan. These factors also explained lower rates in Sumatran oil palm (3.90 ± 0.25 µg CO2–C g C h−1). We amended peat with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and glucose to further investigate observed substrate and nutrient constraints across the range of observed peat quality. Available N limited CO2 production, in unamended and amended soils. P addition raised CO2 production when substrate quality was high and initial P state was low. Glucose addition raised CO2 production in the presence of added N and P. Our results suggest that decline in SOM quality and nutrients associated with conversion may decrease substrate-driven rates of CO2 production from peat decomposition over time.

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Author notes

  1. ES, lead author, conceived of and designed study, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. DJ performed research including sample collection in the field and laboratory incubation. LV aided in study design and contributed to writing the paper. KH aided in study design and contributed to writing the paper. MS contributed new methods, specifically Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and contributed to writing the paper. NB contributed new methods, specifically Vis–NIR spectroscopy, and contributed to writing the paper. NW performed research, including sample collection in the field and laboratory incubation. DL aided in study design and data analysis and contributed to writing the paper.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, 291 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903-1738, USA

    Erin Swails, Dyanna Jaye & Deborah Lawrence

  2. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aereo 6713, Cali, 763537, Colombia

    Louis Verchot

  3. Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR, Situ Gede, Sindang Barang, Bogor, 16115, Indonesia

    Kristell Hergoualc’h, Nils Borchard & Novi Wahyuni

  4. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Max-Eyth-Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany

    Michael Schirrmann

  5. Institute of Geography, Soil Science/Soil Ecology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany

    Nils Borchard

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Swails, E., Jaye, D., Verchot, L. et al. Will CO2 Emissions from Drained Tropical Peatlands Decline Over Time? Links Between Soil Organic Matter Quality, Nutrients, and C Mineralization Rates. Ecosystems 21, 868–885 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-017-0190-4

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