Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The determination of the mineralogical alteration index and the investigation of the efficiency of the hydrothermal alteration on physico-mechanical properties in volcanic rocks from Köprülü, Afyonkarahisar, West Turkey

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The study considers the hydrothermal alteration of the volcanic rocks in the Köprülü region (western Turkey). Four alteration zones related to hydrothermal solutions have been determined: unaltered/fresh (UZ), altered (AZ), ferrous (FZ) and ferrous and manganese (FMZ). The distribution of the zones is closely related to the fracture/fault pattern. In addition to microscopic examination and X-ray diffraction, the physico-mechanical properties of the samples were established. A positive correlation was found between the mineralogical alteration index, water absorption and apparent porosity. However, there is an inverse relationship between uniaxial compressive strength and mineralogical alteration index (MI). The good correlation (r 2 = 0.822) between MI and strength ratio (Rs) indicates that MI can be a useful tool in determining the alteration degree of volcanic rocks, which has an important effect on their use in the construction industry.

Résumé

L’étude concerne les altérations hydrothermales des roches volcaniques dans la région de Köprülü (ouest de la Turquie). Quatre zones d’altération ont été déterminées: inaltérée (UZ), altérée (AZ), ferreuse (FZ) et ferreuse avec manganèse (FMZ). La distribution des zones est étroitement concordance avec le modèle de la fracture/faille. En plus de l’examen microscopique, la diffractométrie des rayons X et les propriétés physico-mécaniques ont été étudiées. Une corrélation positive a été établie entre l’index d’altération minéralogique l’absorption d’eau et la porosité apparente. Une proportionnalité inverse a toutefois été observée entre la force de compression uniaxiale et l’index d’altération minéralogique (MI). La bonne corrélation (r 2 = 0.822) notée entre MI et le coefficient de force (RS) indique que le MI peut être une méthode efficace pour la détermination du degré d’altération des roches volcaniques, ce qui a un effet important sur leur usage dans l’industrie de la construction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arel E, Tugrul A (2001) Weathering and its relation to geomechanical properties of Cavusbasi granitic rocks in northwestern Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Env 60:123–133

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arıkan F, Ulusay R, Aydın N (2007) Characterisation of weathered acidic volcanic rocks and a weathering classification based on a rating system. Bull Eng Geol Env 66:415–430

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bağcı M, Bozkurt R (2000) Bohme Metodu Yardım ile Aşındırıcı Tozların Aşındırma Performanslarının İncelenmesi. A.K.U. Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 2: Afyon (in Turkish), 53 pp

  • Begonha A, Sequeira Braga MA (2002) Weathering of the Oporto granite: geotechnical and physical properties. Catena 49:57–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Biscaye PE (1965) Mineralogy and sedimentation of recent deep sea clay in the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas and oceans. GASB 76:803–832

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bozkurt R (1989) Mermerler. In: Bozkurt R (ed) Endüstriyel Hammaddeler. Anadolu Univ. Yayınları, Eskisehir (in Turkish), 130 pp

  • Ceryan S, Tudes S, Ceryan N (2008) Influence of weathering on the engineering properties of Harsit granitic rocks (NE Turkey). Bull Eng Geol Env 67:97–104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christidis G, Dunham AC (1993) Compositional variations in smectites. Part I: alteration of intermediate volcanic rocks: a case study from Milos, Island, Greece. Clay Miner 28:255–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christidis G, Dunham AC (1997) Compositional variations in smectites. Part II: alteration of acidic precursors: a case study from Milos, Island, Greece. Clay Miner 32:253–270

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Entwisle DC, Hobbs PRN, Jones LD, Gunn D, Rainess MG (2005) The relationships between effective porosity, uniaxial compressive strength and sonic velocity of intact Borrowdale Volcanic Group core samples from Sellafield. Geotech Geol Eng 23:793–809

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franklin JA, Chandra K (1972) The slake durability test. Int J Rock Mech Miner Sci 9:325–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gündoğdu MN (1982) Neojen yaşlı Bigadiç sedimanter baseninin jeolojik, mineralojik ve jeokimyasal incelemesi. PhD thesis, University of Hacettepe, Turkey (in Turkish)

  • Gupta AS, Rao KS (2001) Weathering indices and their applicability for crystalline rocks. Bull Eng Geol Environ 60:201–221

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hodder APW, Hetherington JR (1991) A quantitative study of the weathering of greywacke: tech note. Eng Geol 31:353–368

    Google Scholar 

  • Illiev IG (1966) An attempt to estimate the degree of weathering of their physico-mechanical properties. In: Proceedings of the 1st 1SRM Congress 3:109–114

  • Irfan TY (1996) Mineralogy, fabric properties and classification of weathered granites in Hong Kong. Q J Eng Geol 29:5–35

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irfan TY (1999) Characterization of weathered volcanic rocks in Hong Kong. Q J Eng Geol 32:317–348

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Irfan TY, Dearman WR (1978) Engineering classification and index properties of a weathered granite. Bull Int Eng Geol 29:5–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Johns WD, Grim RE, Bradley WF (1954) Quantitative estimations of clay minerals by diffraction methods. J Sed Pet 24:242–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Knill JL (1993) Material weathering: introduction to session 1.3. In: Cripps JC, Coulthard JM, Culshaw MG, Forster A, Hencher SR, Moon CF (eds) The engineering geology of weak rocks. Proceedings of the 26th annual conference of the Engineering Group of the Geological Society, Leeds, pp 155–158

  • Köse H, Onargan T (1992) Mermerin özellikleri. In: Köse H, Onargan T (eds) Mermer: Uretimi, Kesme Teknolojisi, Ekonomisi. D.E.U. Müh. Mim. Fak. Yay. No: 220 İzmir (in Turkish), pp 19–20

  • Kuşcu M, Yıldız A (2001) Ayazini (Afyon) tüflerinin yapı taşı olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. Türkiye III. Mermer Sempozyumu MERSEM’’ 2001– AFYON, Afyon (in Turkish), pp 85–98

  • Kuşcu M, Yıldız A, Bağcı M (1999) Köprülü (Afyon) trakiandezitinin yapıtaşı olarak kullanılabilirliğinin araştırılması. 11. Mühendislik Haftasi Yerbilimleri Sempozyumu Isparta (in Turkish), pp 193–203

  • Kuşcu M, Yıldız A, Bağcı M (2003) Investigation of Ağın andesite as a building stone (İscehisar-Afyon, W-Turkey). International symposium on industrial minerals and building stones, İstanbul, Turkey, pp 243–253

  • Leat PT, Jackson SE, Thorpe RS, Stillman CJ (1986) Geochemistry of bimodal basalt-subalkaline/peralkaline rhyolite provinces within the Southern British Caledonides. J Geol Soc 143:259–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lumb P (1962) The properties of decomposed granite. Geotechnique 12:226–243

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes FM, Aires-Barros L, Rodrigues FP (1966) The use of modal analysis in the mechanical characterization ot rock masses. Proceeding of the 1st international congress ISRM, Lisbon, 20:217–223

  • Metin S, Genç S, Bulut V (1987) Afyon ve yakın dolayının jeolojisi. M.T.A. Yay., Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Miura K (1973) Weathering in plutonic rocks. Part I: weathering during the late-Pliocene of Gotsu plutonic rock. J Soc Eng Geo Jpn 14(3)

  • Öktü G, Kara İ, Önder İ (1997) Afyon ilinde yer alan Omer—Gecek—Uyuz Hamamı ve Gazlıgöl jeotermal enerji sahalarının detay etüdü. M.T.A. Enerji Ham. Etut ve Arama Dairesi, 41 pp, Ankara (in Turkish)

  • Parker A (1970) An index of weathering for silicate rocks. Geol Mag 107:501–504

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paşamehmetoğlu AG, Karpuz C, Irfan TV (1981) The weathering classification of Ankara andesites from rock mechanics point of view. Proc Int Symp Weak Rocks Tokyo 1:185–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce JA, Harris NB, Tindle AG (1984) Trace elements discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. J Petrol 25:956–983

    Google Scholar 

  • Pera EL, Critelli S, Valvo MS (2001) Weathering of gneiss in Calabria, Southern Italy. Catena 42:1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TSE-2513 (1977) Natural building stones. Turkish Standard Ankara (in Turkish), 5 pp

  • TSE-699 (1987) Examination and observation methods for natural building stones. Turkish Standard Ankara (in Turkish), 82 pp

  • Tuğrul A (1995) The effects of weathering on the engineering properties of basalts in the Niksar region. PhD thesis, Geological Engineering Department of Istanbul University, Istanbul (in Turkish, unpublished)

  • Velde B (1995) Geology of clays. In: Velde B (ed) Origin and mineralogy of clays. Springer pp 1–5

  • Winchester JA, Floyd PA (1977) Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements. Chem Geol 20:325–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zielinski RA (1982) The mobility of uranium and other elements during alteration of rhyolite ash to montmorillonite: a case study in the troublesome formation, Colorado, USA. Chem Geol 35:185–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank to Yüksel TERZİ and Erkan ÖZKAN for their technical support and valuable comments on the statistical work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mining Engineering Department, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 A.N.Sezer Kampüsü, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

    Ahmet Yıldız, İbrahim Dumlupunar & A. Ekrem Arıtan

  2. Geological Engineering Department, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260, Çünür , Isparta, Turkey

    Mustafa Kuşcu

  3. Vocational School of İscehisar, Afyon Kocatepe University, İscehisar, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey

    Metin Bağcı

Authors
  1. Ahmet Yıldız
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mustafa Kuşcu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. İbrahim Dumlupunar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. A. Ekrem Arıtan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Metin Bağcı
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ahmet Yıldız.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yıldız, A., Kuşcu, M., Dumlupunar, İ. et al. The determination of the mineralogical alteration index and the investigation of the efficiency of the hydrothermal alteration on physico-mechanical properties in volcanic rocks from Köprülü, Afyonkarahisar, West Turkey. Bull Eng Geol Environ 69, 51–61 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-009-0245-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-009-0245-7

Keywords

Mots clés

Search

Navigation