Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2/2014

01.02.2014

Optimal reconfiguration of water networks based on properties

verfasst von: César Sotelo-Pichardo, José María Ponce-Ortega, Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera, Medardo Serna-González, Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi, Sergio Frausto-Hernández

Erschienen in: Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy | Ausgabe 2/2014

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper presents a mathematical programming model for the reconfiguration of existing water networks based on the stream properties that impact the performance of the process units and the environment. To develop an improved configuration, the model simultaneously evaluates the repiping of the existing network through the placement/reassignment of the existing treatment units, and the addition of new treatment units while addressing environmental constraints. The model also accounts for the options of process modification and increased capacity of the plant. The objective function of the optimization model seeks to minimize the total annualized cost of the system which incorporates the capital investment associated with process retrofitting and the operating cost which includes the cost of fresh resources. The applicability of the proposed model is illustrated through several case studies.

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Alfadala HE, Sunol AK, El-Halwagi MM (2001) An integrated approach to the retrofitting of mass exchange networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 2(4):236–247 Alfadala HE, Sunol AK, El-Halwagi MM (2001) An integrated approach to the retrofitting of mass exchange networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 2(4):236–247
Zurück zum Zitat Bai J, Feng X, Deng C (2010) Optimal design of single-contaminant regeneration reuse water networks with process decomposition. AIChE J 56(4):915–929 Bai J, Feng X, Deng C (2010) Optimal design of single-contaminant regeneration reuse water networks with process decomposition. AIChE J 56(4):915–929
Zurück zum Zitat Brooke A, Kendrick D, Meeruas A, Raman R (2013) GAMS-Language guide. GAMS Development Corporation, Washington, DC Brooke A, Kendrick D, Meeruas A, Raman R (2013) GAMS-Language guide. GAMS Development Corporation, Washington, DC
Zurück zum Zitat Chen CL, Hung PS (2005) Retrofit of mass-exchange networks with superstructure-based MINLP formulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(18):7189–7199CrossRef Chen CL, Hung PS (2005) Retrofit of mass-exchange networks with superstructure-based MINLP formulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 44(18):7189–7199CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Deng C, Feng X (2011) Targeting for conventional and property-based water networks with multiple resources. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3722–3737CrossRef Deng C, Feng X (2011) Targeting for conventional and property-based water networks with multiple resources. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3722–3737CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Dhole VR, Ramchandani N, Tainsh RA, Wasilewski M (1996) Make your process water pay for itself. Chem Eng 103(1):100–103 Dhole VR, Ramchandani N, Tainsh RA, Wasilewski M (1996) Make your process water pay for itself. Chem Eng 103(1):100–103
Zurück zum Zitat Doyle SJ, Smith R (1997) Targeting water reuse with multiple contaminants. Chem Eng Res Des 75(3):181–189 Doyle SJ, Smith R (1997) Targeting water reuse with multiple contaminants. Chem Eng Res Des 75(3):181–189
Zurück zum Zitat El-Halwagi MM, Gabriel F, Harell D (2003) Rigorous graphical targeting for resource conservation via material recycle/reuse networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 42(19):4319–4328CrossRef El-Halwagi MM, Gabriel F, Harell D (2003) Rigorous graphical targeting for resource conservation via material recycle/reuse networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 42(19):4319–4328CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat El-Halwagi MM, Glasgow IM, Qin XY, Eden MR (2004) Property integration: componentless design techniques and visualization tools. AIChE J 50(8):1854–1869CrossRef El-Halwagi MM, Glasgow IM, Qin XY, Eden MR (2004) Property integration: componentless design techniques and visualization tools. AIChE J 50(8):1854–1869CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Faria DC, Bagajewicz MJ (2009) Profit-based grassroots design and retrofit of water network in process plants. Comput Chem Eng 33(2):436–453CrossRef Faria DC, Bagajewicz MJ (2009) Profit-based grassroots design and retrofit of water network in process plants. Comput Chem Eng 33(2):436–453CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Feng X, Bai J, Zheng XS (2007) On the use of method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems. Chem Eng Sci 62(8):2127–2138CrossRef Feng X, Bai J, Zheng XS (2007) On the use of method to determine the targets of single-contaminant regeneration recycling water systems. Chem Eng Sci 62(8):2127–2138CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Foo DCY (2013) A generalized guideline for process changes for resource conservation networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15(1):45–53CrossRef Foo DCY (2013) A generalized guideline for process changes for resource conservation networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15(1):45–53CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Foo DCY, Kazantzi V, El-Halwagi MM, Manan ZA (2006) Surplus diagram and cascade analysis techniques for targeting property-based material reuse network. Chem Eng Sci 61(8):2626–2642CrossRef Foo DCY, Kazantzi V, El-Halwagi MM, Manan ZA (2006) Surplus diagram and cascade analysis techniques for targeting property-based material reuse network. Chem Eng Sci 61(8):2626–2642CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fraser DM, Hallale N (2000) Retrofit of mass exchange networks using pinch technology. AIChE J 46(10):2112–2117CrossRef Fraser DM, Hallale N (2000) Retrofit of mass exchange networks using pinch technology. AIChE J 46(10):2112–2117CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gabriel F, El-Halwagi MM (2005) Simultaneous synthesis of waste interception and material reuse networks: problem reformulation for global optimization. Environ Prog 24(2):171–180CrossRef Gabriel F, El-Halwagi MM (2005) Simultaneous synthesis of waste interception and material reuse networks: problem reformulation for global optimization. Environ Prog 24(2):171–180CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Galan B, Grossmann IE (1998) Optimal design of distributed wastewater treatment networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 37(10):4036–4048CrossRef Galan B, Grossmann IE (1998) Optimal design of distributed wastewater treatment networks. Ind Eng Chem Res 37(10):4036–4048CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Grossmann IE, Lee S (2003) Generalized convex disjunctive programming nonlinear convex hull relaxation. Comput Optim Appl 26(1):83–100CrossRef Grossmann IE, Lee S (2003) Generalized convex disjunctive programming nonlinear convex hull relaxation. Comput Optim Appl 26(1):83–100CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hallale N (2002) A new graphical targeting method for water minimization. Adv Environ Res 6(3):377–390CrossRef Hallale N (2002) A new graphical targeting method for water minimization. Adv Environ Res 6(3):377–390CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hu N, Feng X, Deng C (2011) Optimal design of multiple-contaminant regeneration reuse water networks with process decomposition. Chem Eng J 173(1):80–91CrossRef Hu N, Feng X, Deng C (2011) Optimal design of multiple-contaminant regeneration reuse water networks with process decomposition. Chem Eng J 173(1):80–91CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kazantzi V, El-Halwagi MM (2005) Targeting material reuse via property integration. Chem Eng Prog 101(8):28–37 Kazantzi V, El-Halwagi MM (2005) Targeting material reuse via property integration. Chem Eng Prog 101(8):28–37
Zurück zum Zitat Kheireddine H, Dadmohammadi Y, Deng C, Feng X, El-Halwagi MM (2011) Optimization of direct recycle networks with the simultaneous consideration of property, mass, and thermal effects. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3754–3762CrossRef Kheireddine H, Dadmohammadi Y, Deng C, Feng X, El-Halwagi MM (2011) Optimization of direct recycle networks with the simultaneous consideration of property, mass, and thermal effects. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3754–3762CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Kheireddine HA, El-Halwagi MM, Elbashir NO (2013) A property-integration approach to solve screening and conceptual design of solvent-extraction systems for recycling used lubricating oils. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15(1):35–44CrossRef Kheireddine HA, El-Halwagi MM, Elbashir NO (2013) A property-integration approach to solve screening and conceptual design of solvent-extraction systems for recycling used lubricating oils. Clean Technol Environ Policy 15(1):35–44CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Khor CS, Shah N, Mahadzir S, Elkamel A (2012) Optimization of petroleum refinery water network systems retrofit incorporating reuse, regeneration and recycle strategies. Can J Chem Eng 90(1):137–143CrossRef Khor CS, Shah N, Mahadzir S, Elkamel A (2012) Optimization of petroleum refinery water network systems retrofit incorporating reuse, regeneration and recycle strategies. Can J Chem Eng 90(1):137–143CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lancu P, Plesu V, Lavric V (2009) Regeneration of internal streams as an effective tool for wastewater network optimization. Comput Chem Eng 33(3):731–742CrossRef Lancu P, Plesu V, Lavric V (2009) Regeneration of internal streams as an effective tool for wastewater network optimization. Comput Chem Eng 33(3):731–742CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee S, Grossmann IE (2000) New algorithms for nonlinear generalized disjunctive programming. Comput Chem Eng 24(9–10):2125–2141CrossRef Lee S, Grossmann IE (2000) New algorithms for nonlinear generalized disjunctive programming. Comput Chem Eng 24(9–10):2125–2141CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee S, Grossmann IE (2003) Global optimization of nonlinear generalized disjunctive programming with bilinear equality constraints: applications to process networks. Comput Chem Eng 27(11):1557–1575CrossRef Lee S, Grossmann IE (2003) Global optimization of nonlinear generalized disjunctive programming with bilinear equality constraints: applications to process networks. Comput Chem Eng 27(11):1557–1575CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lee S, Grossmann IE (2005) Logic-based modeling and solution of nonlinear discrete/continuous optimization problems. Ann Oper Res 139(1):267–288CrossRef Lee S, Grossmann IE (2005) Logic-based modeling and solution of nonlinear discrete/continuous optimization problems. Ann Oper Res 139(1):267–288CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li BH, Chang CT (2011a) A model-based search strategy for exhaustive identification of alternative water networks design. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3653–3659CrossRef Li BH, Chang CT (2011a) A model-based search strategy for exhaustive identification of alternative water networks design. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(7):3653–3659CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Li BH, Chang CT (2011b) Multiobjective optimization of water-using networks with multiple contaminants. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(9):5651–5660CrossRef Li BH, Chang CT (2011b) Multiobjective optimization of water-using networks with multiple contaminants. Ind Eng Chem Res 50(9):5651–5660CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2011a) Synthesis of water networks considering the sustainability of the surrounding watershed. Comput Chem Eng 35(12):2837–2852CrossRef Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2011a) Synthesis of water networks considering the sustainability of the surrounding watershed. Comput Chem Eng 35(12):2837–2852CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2011b) An MINLP model for the optimal location of a new industrial plant with simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental criteria. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(2):953–964CrossRef Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2011b) An MINLP model for the optimal location of a new industrial plant with simultaneous consideration of economic and environmental criteria. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(2):953–964CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Nápoles-Rivera F, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2013) Incorporating the property-based water networks and surrounding watersheds in site selection of industrial facilities. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(1):91–107 Lira-Barragan LF, Ponce-Ortega JM, Nápoles-Rivera F, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2013) Incorporating the property-based water networks and surrounding watersheds in site selection of industrial facilities. Ind Eng Chem Res 52(1):91–107
Zurück zum Zitat Manan ZA, Tan YL, Foo DCY (2004) Targeting the minimum water flow rate using water cascade analysis technique. AIChE J 50(12):3169–3183CrossRef Manan ZA, Tan YL, Foo DCY (2004) Targeting the minimum water flow rate using water cascade analysis technique. AIChE J 50(12):3169–3183CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nápoles-Rivera F, Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2010) Global optimization of mass and property integration networks with in-plant property interceptors. Chem Eng Sci 65(15):4363–4377CrossRef Nápoles-Rivera F, Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2010) Global optimization of mass and property integration networks with in-plant property interceptors. Chem Eng Sci 65(15):4363–4377CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ng DKS, Foo DCY, Tan RR, Pau CH, Tan YL (2009) Automated targeting for conventional and bilateral property-based resource conservation network. Chem Eng J 149(1–3):87–101CrossRef Ng DKS, Foo DCY, Tan RR, Pau CH, Tan YL (2009) Automated targeting for conventional and bilateral property-based resource conservation network. Chem Eng J 149(1–3):87–101CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ng DKS, Foo DCY, Tan RR, El-Halwagi MM (2010) Automated targeting technique for concentration- and property-based total resource conservation networks. Comput Chem Eng 34(5):825–845CrossRef Ng DKS, Foo DCY, Tan RR, El-Halwagi MM (2010) Automated targeting technique for concentration- and property-based total resource conservation networks. Comput Chem Eng 34(5):825–845CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce-Ortega JM, Jiménez-Gutierrez A, Grossmann IE (2008) Simultaneous retrofit and heat integration of chemical processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 47(15):5512–5528CrossRef Ponce-Ortega JM, Jiménez-Gutierrez A, Grossmann IE (2008) Simultaneous retrofit and heat integration of chemical processes. Ind Eng Chem Res 47(15):5512–5528CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce-Ortega JM, Hortua AC, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2009) A property-based optimization of direct-recycle networks and wastewater treatment processes. AIChE J 55(9):2329–2344CrossRef Ponce-Ortega JM, Hortua AC, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2009) A property-based optimization of direct-recycle networks and wastewater treatment processes. AIChE J 55(9):2329–2344CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Jimenez-Gutierrez A (2010) Global optimization for the synthesis of property-based recycle and reuse networks including environmental constraints. Comput Chem Eng 34(3):318–330CrossRef Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Jimenez-Gutierrez A (2010) Global optimization for the synthesis of property-based recycle and reuse networks including environmental constraints. Comput Chem Eng 34(3):318–330CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce-Ortega JM, Mosqueda-Jimenez FW, Serna-Gonzalez M, Jimenez-Gutierrez A, El-Halwagi MM (2011) A property-based approach to the synthesis of material conservation networks with economic and environmental objectives. AIChE J 57(9):2369–2387CrossRef Ponce-Ortega JM, Mosqueda-Jimenez FW, Serna-Gonzalez M, Jimenez-Gutierrez A, El-Halwagi MM (2011) A property-based approach to the synthesis of material conservation networks with economic and environmental objectives. AIChE J 57(9):2369–2387CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ponce-Ortega JM, Nápoles-Rivera F, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2012) An optimization approach for the synthesis of recycle and reuse water integration networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 14(1):133–151CrossRef Ponce-Ortega JM, Nápoles-Rivera F, El-Halwagi MM, Jiménez-Gutiérrez A (2012) An optimization approach for the synthesis of recycle and reuse water integration networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 14(1):133–151CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Quesada I, Grossmann IE (1995) Global optimization of bilinear process networks with multicomponent flows. Comput Chem Eng 19(12):1219–1242CrossRef Quesada I, Grossmann IE (1995) Global optimization of bilinear process networks with multicomponent flows. Comput Chem Eng 19(12):1219–1242CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Raman R, Grossmann IE (1994) Modeling and computational techniques for logic based integer programming. Comput Chem Eng 18(7):563–578CrossRef Raman R, Grossmann IE (1994) Modeling and computational techniques for logic based integer programming. Comput Chem Eng 18(7):563–578CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Rubio-Castro E, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2012) Optimal reconfiguration of multi-plant water networks into an eco-industrial park. Comput Chem Eng 44:58–83CrossRef Rubio-Castro E, Ponce-Ortega JM, Serna-González M, El-Halwagi MM (2012) Optimal reconfiguration of multi-plant water networks into an eco-industrial park. Comput Chem Eng 44:58–83CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Saw SY, Lee L, Lim MH, Foo DCY, Chew IML, Tan RR, Klemez JJ (2011) An extended graphical targeting technique for direct reuse/recycle in concentration and property-based resource conservation networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13(2):347–357CrossRef Saw SY, Lee L, Lim MH, Foo DCY, Chew IML, Tan RR, Klemez JJ (2011) An extended graphical targeting technique for direct reuse/recycle in concentration and property-based resource conservation networks. Clean Technol Environ Policy 13(2):347–357CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sawaya NW, Grossmann IE (2005) A cutting plane method for solving linear generalized disjunctive programming problems. Comput Chem Eng 29(9):1891–1913CrossRef Sawaya NW, Grossmann IE (2005) A cutting plane method for solving linear generalized disjunctive programming problems. Comput Chem Eng 29(9):1891–1913CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sawaya NW, Grossmann IE (2007) Computational implementation of non-linear convex hull reformulations. Comput Chem Eng 31(7):856–866CrossRef Sawaya NW, Grossmann IE (2007) Computational implementation of non-linear convex hull reformulations. Comput Chem Eng 31(7):856–866CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Shelley MD, El-Halwagi MM (2000) Componentless design of recovery and allocation systems: a functionality-based clustering approach. Comput Chem Eng 24(9–10):2081–2091CrossRef Shelley MD, El-Halwagi MM (2000) Componentless design of recovery and allocation systems: a functionality-based clustering approach. Comput Chem Eng 24(9–10):2081–2091CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Smith R (2005) Chemical process: design and integration. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford Smith R (2005) Chemical process: design and integration. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford
Zurück zum Zitat Sotelo-Pichardo C, Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Frausto-Hernandez S (2011) Optimal retrofit of water conservation networks. J Clean Prod 19(14):1560–1581CrossRef Sotelo-Pichardo C, Ponce-Ortega JM, El-Halwagi MM, Frausto-Hernandez S (2011) Optimal retrofit of water conservation networks. J Clean Prod 19(14):1560–1581CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sujo-Nava D, Scodari LA, Slater CS, Dahm K, Savelski MJ (2009) Retrofit of sour water networks in oil refineries: a case study. Chem Eng Process 48(6):892–901CrossRef Sujo-Nava D, Scodari LA, Slater CS, Dahm K, Savelski MJ (2009) Retrofit of sour water networks in oil refineries: a case study. Chem Eng Process 48(6):892–901CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Takama N, Kuriyama T, Shiroko K, Umeda T (1980) Optimal water allocation in a petroleum refinery. Comput Chem Eng 4(4):251–258CrossRef Takama N, Kuriyama T, Shiroko K, Umeda T (1980) Optimal water allocation in a petroleum refinery. Comput Chem Eng 4(4):251–258CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tan RR, Cruz DE (2004) Synthesis of robust water reuse networks for single-component retrofit problems using symmetric fuzzy linear programming. Comput Chem Eng 28(12):2547–2551CrossRef Tan RR, Cruz DE (2004) Synthesis of robust water reuse networks for single-component retrofit problems using symmetric fuzzy linear programming. Comput Chem Eng 28(12):2547–2551CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tan YL, Manan ZA (2006) Retrofit of water networks with optimization of existing regeneration units. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(22):7592–7602CrossRef Tan YL, Manan ZA (2006) Retrofit of water networks with optimization of existing regeneration units. Ind Eng Chem Res 45(22):7592–7602CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Tan YL, Manan ZA, Foo DCY (2007) Retrofit of water network with regeneration using water pinch analysis. Process Saf Environ Prot 85(4):305–317CrossRef Tan YL, Manan ZA, Foo DCY (2007) Retrofit of water network with regeneration using water pinch analysis. Process Saf Environ Prot 85(4):305–317CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Vecchietti A, Lee S, Grossmann IE (2003) Modeling of discrete/continuous optimization problems: characterization and formulations of disjunctions and their relaxations. Comput Chem Eng 27(3):433–448CrossRef Vecchietti A, Lee S, Grossmann IE (2003) Modeling of discrete/continuous optimization problems: characterization and formulations of disjunctions and their relaxations. Comput Chem Eng 27(3):433–448CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wagialla KM (2012) Pinch-based and disjunctive optimization for process integration of wastewater interception with mass and property constraints. Clean Technol Environ Policy 14(4):597–608CrossRef Wagialla KM (2012) Pinch-based and disjunctive optimization for process integration of wastewater interception with mass and property constraints. Clean Technol Environ Policy 14(4):597–608CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang YP, Smith R (1994) Wastewater minimization. Chem Eng Sci 49(7):981–1006CrossRef Wang YP, Smith R (1994) Wastewater minimization. Chem Eng Sci 49(7):981–1006CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yin LT, Manan ZA (2008) A new systematic technique for retrofit of water network. Int J Environ Pollut 32(4):519–526CrossRef Yin LT, Manan ZA (2008) A new systematic technique for retrofit of water network. Int J Environ Pollut 32(4):519–526CrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Optimal reconfiguration of water networks based on properties
verfasst von
César Sotelo-Pichardo
José María Ponce-Ortega
Fabricio Nápoles-Rivera
Medardo Serna-González
Mahmoud M. El-Halwagi
Sergio Frausto-Hernández
Publikationsdatum
01.02.2014
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy / Ausgabe 2/2014
Print ISSN: 1618-954X
Elektronische ISSN: 1618-9558
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-013-0631-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 2/2014

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 2/2014 Zur Ausgabe