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Arsenic Removal from Mine Waters with Sorption Techniques

吸附技术去除矿井废水砷

Arsenabscheidung aus Bergbauwässern mittels Sorptionstechnologien

Remoción de arsénico desde aguas de mina con técnicas de sorción

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Abstract

Potential low-cost sorption materials (mostly industrial by-products) were screened for removal of arsenic from mine effluent water. First, the maximum adsorption capacities were determined in batch tests with various liquid to solid ratios. The highest arsenic sorption capacity, 46 mg As/g of sorption material, was measured for cast iron chips. The most promising materials were also studied in batch tests that assessed the reaction kinetics and in kinetic column tests for their behavior in a filter or reactive barrier application. The column tests revealed the cast iron chips caused clogging in the percolation column when operating with real mine water. A commercial ferric oxi-hydroxide sorption material developed for As removal for drinking water showed good As removal in the column tests. Around 10,000 bed volumes of mine process water containing 2 mg/L of arsenic was treated with this material, and treated water concentrations ranged between 0 and 0.05 mg/L before breakthrough. The measured adsorption capacity for the commercial ferric oxi-hydroxide sorption material was 8.3 mg As/g.

抽象

采用阶梯式方法选择去除矿井废水砷的低成本吸附材料。利用不同固液比的批次试验研究了主要由工业副产品组成的备选吸附材料的最大吸附能力。铸铁碎屑的砷吸附能力最大,达46 mg As/g。同时,利用批次试验研究了最佳备选吸附材料的反应动力学特征,利用动态淋滤试验研究了它们作为过滤材料或屏障材料的行为特征。利用真正的矿井废水进行柱渗透试验时,铸铁碎屑材料存在沉淀引起的堵塞问题。一种用以去除饮用水砷的三价铁氧化-氢氧化物商业吸附材料在柱试验中表现出较好砷去除效果。用这种材料处理了约10 000 bed 体积的含2 mg/L 砷的矿物加工废水,贯穿前砷浓度为0-0.05mg/L。 三价铁氧化-氢氧化物商业吸附材料的砷吸附能力为8.3 mg As/g。

Zusammenfassung

Diese Studie beschreibt einen mehrstufigen Ansatz zur Prüfung potentieller kostengünstiger Sorptionsstoffe für die Abscheidung von Arsen aus Bergbauwässern. Maximale Adsorptionskapazitäten möglicher Stoffe, überwiegend industrieller Nebenprodukte, wurden in Serienversuchen mit unterschiedlichen flüssig/fest-Verhältnissen bestimmt. Die höchste Adsorptionskapazität für Arsen wurde für Gußeisenspäne ermittelt, bei 46 mg As/g des Materials. Die vielversprechendsten Materialien wurden in der Folge in Serienversuchen zur Einschätzung der Reaktionskinetik und in kinetischen Säulenversuchen in Bezug auf ihr Verhalten als Filter oder in reaktiven Barrieren überprüft. Die Säulenversuche ergaben technische Probleme mit den Gußeisenspänen, weil sich bei Verwendung des realen Bergbauwassers durch Präzipitate Blockierungen bildeten. Ein kommerzielles Adsorptionsmaterial zur Reinigung von Trinkwasser, ein Ferri-Oxy-Hydroxyd, ergab in Säulenversuchen gute Arsenfällung. Mit diesem Material wurden ca. 10.000 Säulenfüllungen von Aufbereitungsabwasser einer Konzentration von 2 mg/L Arsen behandelt. Die Konzentration im gereinigten Ablauf lag bei 0 bis 0.05 mg/L, bevor es zum Durchbruch kam. Die Adsorptionskapazität des kommerziellen Ferri-Oxy-Hydroxyds war 8.3 mg As/g.

Resumen

Este estudio describe una aproximación para estudiar diferentes materiales sortivos de bajo costo y su capacidad para remover arsénico de efluentes de mina. Las máximas capacidades de adsorción fueron determinadas para los materiales que fueron fundamentales subproductos industriales, en ensayos batch variando las relaciones líquido-sólido. La máxima capacidad de sorción de arsénico fue obtenida para virutas de hierro fundido: 46 mg As/g del material. Además, también se estudiaron los materiales más promisorios en ensayos en batch para analizar la cinética del proceso y ensayos en columna para su comportamiento en aplicaciones en filtros o en barreras reactivas. Los ensayos en columnas mostraron problemas técnicos con las virutas de hierro, tales como obstrucciones con precipitados en la columna de percolación cuando se operó con agua de mina. Se desarrolló un material comercial de oxo-hidróxido férrico para remover As de agua de consumo mostrando una buena remoción en ensayos en columna. Cerca de 10000 volúmenes de agua de mina conteniendo 2 mg/L de arsénico se trataron con ese material y las concentraciones de agua tratadas tuvieron concentraciones entre 0 y 0,05 mg/L antes de la saturación. La capacidad de adsorción de arsénico determinada para material comercial de oxohidróxido férrico fue 8,3 mg As/g.

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Acknowledgements

This investigation was carried out under the Finnish Green Mining programme by Tekes. The Green Mining project ‘Solution for Arsenic Control in Mining Processes and Extractive Industry (ARSENAL)’ was realized during 2011–2013 as a cooperative project with the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK), Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT), and Tampere University of Technology (TUT) along with several industrial and international partners. The target of this project was to develop solutions to control and remove As from various As-containing materials and effluents in beneficiation processes and other mining operations. The ARSENAL project concentrated on the following materials and waters: gold ores and concentrates in mineral processes, process and waste waters, and industrial by-products.

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Correspondence to Raisa Neitola.

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Kaartinen, T., Laine-Ylijoki, J., Ahoranta, S. et al. Arsenic Removal from Mine Waters with Sorption Techniques. Mine Water Environ 36, 199–208 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-017-0450-8

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