Skip to main content
Fachgebiete
Automobil + Motoren Bauwesen + Immobilien Business IT + Informatik Elektrotechnik + Elektronik Energie + Nachhaltigkeit Finance + Banking Management + Führung Marketing + Vertrieb Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe Versicherung + Risiko
DE
EN
Bücher
Zeitschriften
Themenseiten
Organisationspsychologie Projektmanagement Marketing Smart Manufacturing
Weitere Formate
Podcasts Webinare Technik Webinare Wirtschaft Kongresse Veranstaltungskalender Awards
Jetzt Einzelzugang starten
Zugang für Unternehmen
Referenzkunden
SLX-Digitalkonferenz: Zukunftswerkstatt 2024

Mehr Umsatz mit Top-Kontakten

Am 7. Mai erfahren Sie, wie Vertriebsteams Leadgenerierung, Leadnurturing und Leadstrategien effizient steuern können.
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Software and Systems Modeling
Erschienen in: Software and Systems Modeling 3/2016

15.01.2015 | Regular Paper

Feature-based classification of bidirectional transformation approaches

verfasst von: Soichiro Hidaka, Massimo Tisi, Jordi Cabot, Zhenjiang Hu

Erschienen in: Software and Systems Modeling | Ausgabe 3/2016

Einloggen

Aktivieren Sie unsere intelligente Suche, um passende Fachinhalte oder Patente zu finden.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Bidirectional model transformation is a key technology in model-driven engineering (MDE), when two models that can change over time have to be kept constantly consistent with each other. While several model transformation tools include at least a partial support to bidirectionality, it is not clear how these bidirectional capabilities relate to each other and to similar classical problems in computer science, from the view update problem in databases to bidirectional graph transformations. This paper tries to clarify and visualize the space of design choices for bidirectional transformations from an MDE point of view, in the form of a feature model. The selected list of existing approaches are characterized by mapping them to the feature model. Then, the feature model is used to highlight some unexplored research lines in bidirectional transformations.
Vorheriger Artikel Expressing aspectual interactions in design: evaluating three AOM approaches in the slot machine domain

Sie haben noch keine Lizenz? Dann Informieren Sie sich jetzt über unsere Produkte:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Jetzt informieren
Fußnoten
1
Here, we consider consistency among artifacts. We also mention consistency between forward and backward transformations in Sect. 3.4.7.
 
2
A more general scheme may be considered—synchronization with respect to transformation \(f\) achieved by the function \(\mathsf {sync}_f : S \times S \times T \rightarrow S \times T\) which takes the original source \(s\), updated source and updated target (original target is equal to \(f(s)\) so is not in the signature) and returns a pair of updated source and target. All our discussion can be generalized to this scheme, so we will discuss it explicitly only when needed, i.e., in Sect. 3.4.7.
 
3
TGG also provides theoretical foundations for operation-based execution. The feasibility of this approach is shown in [24].
 
4
The kind of change on the other artifacts that reflect the change made by the user is not necessarily the same as the kind of the change made by the user.
 
5
Apart from the updatability of the target discussed in [45].
 
6
We did not include commercial tools such as Microsoft BizTalk Server [48] and tools from ERP frameworks [33] for transforming structured data. Although these tools may belong to technical spaces other than the ones we have considered, our classification approach may also be applied.
 
7
In pure TGG, there must be a bijection between source and target patterns [25]. There are literature on an implementation of a variant of TGG that explicitly address non-bijective usages [34], but formal bidirectional properties were not the scope of the paper.
 
8
It is possible to use TGG for specifying bidirectional transformations with non-bijective consistency relations [54].
 
10
Feature equations are validated against the presented feature model using the tool FeatureIDE [38].
Table 2
Characterization of systems using proposed features
 
11
Becker et al. [4] reported a TGG implementation with a specific focus on user interactions, but we could not find implementation that is publicly available currently.
 
Literatur
1.
Anjorin, A., Varró, G., Schürr, A.: Complex attribute manipulation in tggs with constraint-based programming techniques. ECEASST 49, (2012). First International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations (BX 2012)
2.
3.
Bancilhon, F., Spyratos, N.: Update semantics of relational views. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 6(4), 557–575 (1981)CrossRefMATH
4.
Becker, S.M., Herold, S., Lohmann, S., Westfechtel, B.: A graph-based algorithm for consistency maintenance in incremental and interactive integration tools. Softw. Syst. Model. 6(3), 287–315 (2007)CrossRef
5.
Bohannon, A., Foster, J.N., Pierce, B.C., Pilkiewicz, A., Schmitt, A.: Boomerang: resourceful lenses for string data. In: POPL ’08: ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 407–419 (2008)
6.
Braun, P., Marschall, F.: BOTL: the bidirectional object oriented transformation language. Tech. Rep. TUM-I0307, Technische Universität München (2003)
7.
Braun, P., Marschall, F.: Transforming object oriented models with BOTL. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 72(3), 103–117 (2003). doi:10.​1016/​S1571-0661(04)80615-7. GT-VMT’2002, Graph Transformation and Visual Modeling Techniques (First International Conference on Graph Transformation)
8.
Buneman, P., Fernandez, M.F., Suciu, D.: UnQL: a query language and algebra for semistructured data based on structural recursion. VLDB J. 9(1), 76–110 (2000)CrossRef
9.
Büttner, F., Cabot, J., Gogolla, M.: On validation of ATL transformation rules by transformation models. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Model-Driven Engineering, Verification and Validation - MoDeVVa p. 1 (2011). doi:10.​1145/​2095654.​2095666
10.
Bzivin, J., Kurtev, I.: Model-based technology integration with the technical space concept. In: Proceedings of the Metainformatics Symposium, Springer-Verlag. Springer, Berlin (2005)
11.
Czarnecki, K., Foster, J.N., Hu, Z., Lämmel, R., Schürr, A., Terwilliger, J.F.: Bidirectional transformations: a cross-discipline perspective. In: Theory and Practice of Model Transformations: Second International Conference, ICMT 2009, Zürich, Switzerland, June 29–30, 2009: Proceedings, vol. 5563, pp. 260–283. Springer, New York (2009). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-02408-5
12.
13.
Dayal, U., Bernstein, P.A.: On the correct translation of update operations on relational views. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 7(3), 381–416 (1982)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
14.
15.
Diskin, Z., Maibaum, T.S.E.: Category theory and model-driven engineering: from formal semantics to design patterns and beyond. In: Golas, U., Soboll, T. (eds.) ACCAT, EPTCS, vol. 93, pp. 1–21 (2012)
16.
Diskin, Z., Wider, A., Gholizadeh, H., Czarnecki, K.: Towards a rational taxonomy for increasingly symmetric model synchronization. In: Di Ruscio, D., Varró, D. (eds.) Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 8568, pp. 57–73. Springer International Publishing (2014). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-319-08789-4_​5
17.
Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K.: From state- to delta-based bidirectional model transformations: the asymmetric case. J. Object Technol. 10(6), 1–25 (2011)
18.
Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y., Czarnecki, K., Ehrig, H., Hermann, F., Orejas, F.: From state- to delta-based bidirectional model transformations: the symmetric case. In: Whittle, J., Clark, T., Kühne, T. (eds.) Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6981, pp. 304–318. Springer, Berlin (2011). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-24485-8_​22
19.
20.
Foster, J.N., Greenwald, M.B., Moore, J.T., Pierce, B.C., Schmitt, A.: Combinators for bidirectional tree transformations: a linguistic approach to the view-update problem. ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst. 29 (2007). doi:10.​1145/​1232420.​1232424
21.
22.
Greenyer, J., Kindler, E.: Comparing relational model transformation technologies: implementing Query/View/Transformation with Triple Graph Grammars. Softw. Syst. Model. 9(1), 21–46 (2010)CrossRef
23.
Guerra, E., Lara, J., Orejas, F.: Pattern-based model-to-model transformation: handling attribute conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, ICMT ’09, pp. 83–99. Springer, Berlin (2009). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-02408-5_​7
24.
Hermann, F., Ehrig, H., Orejas, F., Czarnecki, K., Diskin, Z., Xiong, Y.: Correctness of model synchronization based on triple graph grammars. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems, MODELS’11, pp. 668–682. Springer, Berlin (2011). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-24485-8_​49.
25.
Hettel, T., Lawley, M., Raymond, K.: Model synchronisation: definitions for round-trip engineering. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, ICMT ’08, pp. 31–45. Springer, Berlin (2008)
26.
27.
Hofmann, M., Pierce, B., Wagner, D.: Symmetric lenses. In: Proceedings of the 38th annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL ’11, pp. 371–384. ACM, New York (2011). doi:10.​1145/​1926385.​1926428
28.
Hofmann, M., Pierce, B., Wagner, D.: Edit lenses. In: Proceedings of the 39th Annual ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, POPL ’12, pp. 495–508. ACM, New York (2012). doi:10.​1145/​2103656.​2103715
29.
Hu, Z., Mu, S.C., Takeichi, M.: A programmable editor for developing structured documents based on bidirectional transformations. In: PEPM ’04: Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN Symposium on Partial Evaluation and Semantics-Based Program Manipulation, pp. 178–189. ACM Press, New York (2004)
30.
Hu, Z., Mu, S.C., Takeichi, M.: A programmable editor for developing structured documents based on bidirectional transformations. High.-Order Symb. Comput. 21(1–2), 89–118 (2008)CrossRefMATH
31.
Hu, Z., Schürr, A., Stevens, P., Terwilliger, J.F.: Bidirectional transformation ”bx” (dagstuhl seminar 11031). Dagstuhl Rep. 1(1), 42–67 (2011)
32.
Hu, Z., Schürr, A., Stevens, P., Terwilliger, J.F.: Dagstuhl seminar on bidirectional transformations (bx). SIGMOD Rec. 40(1), 35–39 (2011)CrossRef
33.
Jacobs, F.R, Weston Jr., F.C.: Enterprise resource planning (ERP)—a brief history. J. Oper. Manag. 25(2), 357–363 (2007)
34.
Jakob, J., Königs, A., Schürr, A.: Non-materialized model view specification with Triple Graph Grammars. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Graph Transformations, ICGT’06, pp. 321–335. Springer, Berlin (2006). doi:10.​1007/​11841883_​23
35.
Johnson, M., Rosebrugh, R.D.: Lens put-put laws: monotonic and mixed. ECEASST 49 (2012). First International Workshop on Bidirectional Transformations (BX 2012)
36.
Jouault, F., Bézivin, J., Kurtev, I.: TCS: a DSL for the specification of textual concrete syntaxes in model engineering. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Generative Programming and Component Engineering, p. 254. ACM, New York (2006). doi:10.​1145/​1173706.​1173744
37.
Kang, K., Cohen, S., Hess, J., Novak, W., Peterson, A.: Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA) Feasibility Study. Tech. rep., DTIC Document (1990)
38.
Kästner, C., Thüm, T., Saake, G., Feigenspan, J., Leich, T., Wielgorz, F., Apel, S.: FeatureIDE: tool framework for feature-oriented software development. In: Proceedings of the 31th International Conference on Software Engineering (ICSE), pp. 611–614. IEEE Computer Society (2009). Formal Demonstration Paper
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Macedo, N., Cunha, A.: Implementing QVT-R bidirectional model transformations using Alloy. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, FASE’13, pp. 297–311. Springer, Berlin (2013). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-37057-1_​22
44.
Marschall, F., Braun, P.: Model transformations for the MDA with BOTL. In: Rensink, A. (ed.) Model Driven Architecture: Foundations and Applications, CTIT Technical Report, vol. TR-CTIT-03-27, pp. 25–36. University of Twente (2003)
45.
Matsuda, K., Hu, Z., Nakano, K., Hamana, M., Takeichi, M.: Bidirectionalization transformation based on automatic derivation of view complement functions. In: ICFP 2007, pp. 47–58 (2007)
46.
47.
48.
49.
Nakano, K., Hidaka, S., Hu, Z., Inaba, K., Kato, H.: Simulation-based graph schema for view updatability checking of graph queries. Tech. Rep. GRACE-TR11-01, GRACE Center, National Institute of Informatics (2011)
50.
51.
Petter, A., Behring, A., Mühlhäuser, M.: Solving constraints in model transformations. In: Paige, R. (ed.) Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5563, pp. 132–147. Springer, Berlin (2009). doi:10.​1007/​978-3-642-02408-5_​10
52.
Rose, L.M., Matragkas, N., Kolovos, D.S., Paige, R.F.: A feature model for model-to-text transformation languages. In: Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Modeling in Software Engineering (MiSE), pp. 57–63 (2012)
53.
Schürr, A.: Specification of graph translators with Triple Graph Grammars. In: Mayr, E.W., Schmidt, G., Tinhofer, G. (eds.) Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, 20th International Workshop, WG ’94, Herrsching, Germany, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 903, pp. 151–163. Springer, Berlin (1995)
54.
55.
Stevens, P.: Bidirectional model transformations in QVT: semantic issues and open questions. Softw. Syst. Model. 9(1), 7–20 (2010)CrossRef
56.
57.
Voigtländer, J.: Bidirectionalization for free! (pearl). In: POPL ’09: ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, pp. 165–176. ACM, New York (2009)
58.
Voigtländer, J., Hu, Z., Matsuda, K., Wang, M.: Combining syntactic and semantic bidirectionalization. In: ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, pp. 181–192. ACM (2010)
59.
Wang, M., Gibbons, J., Wu, N.: Incremental updates for efficient bidirectional transformations. In: Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming, ICFP ’11, pp. 392–403. ACM, New York (2011). doi:10.​1145/​2034773.​2034825
60.
Xiong, Y., Liu, D., Hu, Z., Zhao, H., Takeichi, M., Mei, H.: Towards automatic model synchronization from model transformations. In: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering—ASE ’07 p. 164 (2007). doi:10.​1145/​1321631.​1321657.
61.
Yokoyama, T., Axelsen, H.B., Glück, R.: Principles of a reversible programming language. In: Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Computing Frontiers, CF ’08, pp. 43–54. ACM, New York (2008). doi:10.​1145/​1366230.​1366239
Metadaten
Titel
Feature-based classification of bidirectional transformation approaches
verfasst von
Soichiro Hidaka
Massimo Tisi
Jordi Cabot
Zhenjiang Hu
Publikationsdatum
15.01.2015
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Software and Systems Modeling / Ausgabe 3/2016
Print ISSN: 1619-1366
Elektronische ISSN: 1619-1374
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-014-0450-0

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2016

Software and Systems Modeling 3/2016 Zur Ausgabe

Regular Paper

Comprehensive analysis of FBD test coverage criteria using mutants

Regular Paper

Expressing aspectual interactions in design: evaluating three AOM approaches in the slot machine domain

Regular Paper

Least-change bidirectional model transformation with QVT-R and ATL

Regular Paper

Turning event logs into process movies: animating what has really happened

Regular Paper

Empirically evaluating OCL and Java for specifying constraints on UML models

Regular Paper

Query-driven soft traceability links for models