Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Chemical fractionation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in selected paddy soils of Iran

  • Article
  • Published:
Paddy and Water Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The content and fractionation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined in 28 surface soil samples (0–20 cm) of agricultural topsoil from Isfahan Province in central Iran. The order of abundance of metals in the soils was Fe (1240.4 mg kg−1) > Mn (95.7 mg kg−1) > Pb (51.6 mg kg−1) > Zn (23.8 mg kg−1) > Ni (13.4 mg kg−1) > Cu (7.0 mg kg−1) > Cd (2.8 mg kg−1). Iron, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn existed in paddy soils mainly in Fe-Mn oxides (53.6 %, 65.2 %, 40.4 %, 40.8 %, 53.3 %, respectively), whereas Cu and Cd occurred essentially as residual mineral phase (41.4 %) and carbonate (36.1 %), respectively. The mobile and bioavailable fractions of Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn in paddy soils averaged 48.8, 20.8, 0.79, 29.2, 28.5, 41.1, and 24.8 %, respectively, which suggests that the mobility and bioavailability of the seven metals probably decline in the following order: Cd > Pb > Mn ≥ Ni > Zn > Cu ≫ Fe, suggesting greater contribution of anthropogenic Cd. As Cd in soil is easily accumulated by plants through the root system, the concentration of Cd in these paddy soils could be a concern to human health.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adriano DC (1986) Trace elements in the terrestrial environment. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Agbenin JO (2003) The distribution and transformation of iron and manganese in soil fractions in a savanna Alfisol under continuous cultivation. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst 66:259–270

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolan NS, Duraisamy VP (2003) Role of inorganic and organic soil amendments on immobilisation and phytoavailability of heavy metals: a review involving specific case studies. Aust J Soil Res 41:533–555

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cao ZH, Hu ZY (2000) Copper contamination in paddy soils irrigated with wastewater. Chemosphere 41:3–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehsan S, Prasher SO, Marshall WD (2006) A washing procedure to mobilize mixed contaminants from soil. II. Heavy metals. J Environ Qual 35:2084–2091

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Errecalde MF, Boluda R, Lagarda MJ, Farre R (1991) Indices de contaminacion por metales pesados en suelos de cultivo intensivo: aplicacion en la comarca e L’Horca (Valencia). Sueloy Planta 1:483–494

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo SH, Wang XL, Li Y, Chen JJ, Yang JC (2006) Investigation on Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd fractions in the natural surface coating samples and surficial sediments in the Songhua River, China. J Environ Sci 18:1193–1198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang JH, Hsu Sh-H, Wang Sh-Li (2011) Effects of rice straw ash amendment on Cu solubility and distribution in flooded rice paddy soils. J Hazard Mater 186:1801–1807

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jalali M, Khanlari ZV (2008) Cadmium availability in calcareous soils of agricultural lands in Hamadan, western Iran. Soil Sediment Contam 17:256–268

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (1999) Biogeochemia pierwiastkow sladowych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa, p 364

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H (2001) Trace elements in soils and plants, 3rd edn. CRC Press, LLC, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Khanlari ZV, Jalali M (2008) Concentrations and chemical speciation of five heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Ni, Cu, and Pb) in selected agricultural calcareous soils of Hamadan Province, western Iran. Archiv Agron Soil Sci 54:19–32

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li G-C, Lin H-T, Lai C-S (1994) Uptake of heavy metals by plants in Taiwan. In: Adriano DC, Chen Z-S, Yang S-S (eds) Biogeochemistry of trace elements. Science and Technology Letters, Northwood, pp 153–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu H, Probst A, Liao B (2005) Metal contamination of soils and crops affected by the Chenzhou lead/zinc mine spill (Hunan, China). Sci Total Environ 339:153–166

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McLaughlin MJ, Parker DR, Clarke JM (1999) Metals and micronutrients-food safety issues. Field Crop Res 60:143–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pils JRV, Karathanasis AD, Mueller TG (2004) Concentration and distribution of six trace metals in northern Kentucky soils. Soil Sediment Contam 13:37–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez MJA, Arias ML, Corbi JMG (2006) Heavy metal contents in agricultural topsoils in the Ebro basin (Spain). Application of multivariate geostatistical methods to study spatial variations. Environ Pollut 144:1001–1012

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez L, Ruiz E, Alonso-Azcárate J, Rincón J (2009) Heavy metal distribution and chemical speciation in tailings and soils around a Pb–Zn mine in Spain. J Environ Manage 90:1106–1116

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogan N, Serafimovski T, Dolenec M, Tasev G, Dolenec T (2009) Heavy metal contamination of paddy soils and rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Kočani Field (Macedonia). Environ Geochem Health 31:439–451

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Romkens PF, Guo H-Y, Chu C-L, Liu T-S, Chiang C-F, Koopmans GF (2009) Characterization of soil heavy metal pools in paddy fields in Taiwan: chemical extraction and solid-solution partitioning. J Soil Sediments 9:216–228

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rowell DL (1994) Soil science: Method and application. Longman Group, London, p 345

    Google Scholar 

  • Salbu B, Krekling T, Oughton DH (1998) Characterization of radioactive particles in the environment. Analyst 123:843–849

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava SK, Banerjee DK (2004) Speciation of metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 152:219–232

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Simmons RW, Pongsakul P, Saiyasitpanich D, Klinphoklap S (2005) Elevated levels of cadmium and zinc in paddy soils and elevated levels of cadmium in rice grain downstream of a zinc mineralized area in Thailand: implications for public health. Environ Geochem Health 27:501–511

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Søvik M-L, Larssen T, Vogt RD, Wibetoe G, Feng X (2011) Potentially harmful elements in rice paddy fields in mercury hot spots in Guizhou. China. Appl. Geochem. 26:167–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tessier A, Campbell PGC, Bisson M (1979) Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal Chem 51:844–851

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tudoreanu L, Phillips CJC (2004) Modeling cadmium uptake and accumulation in plants. Adv Agron 84:121–157

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wong SC, Li XD, Zhang G, Qi SH, Min YS (2002) Heavy metals in agricultural soils of the Pearl River Delta, South China. Environ Pollut 119:33–44

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Ch, Zhang L (2010) Heavy metal concentrations and their possible sources in paddy soils of a modern agricultural zone, southeastern China. Environ Earth Sci 60:45–56

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang QW, Shu WS, Qiu JW, Wang HB, Lan CY (2004) Lead in paddy soils and rice plants and its potential health risk around Lechang Lead/Zinc Mine, Guangdong, China. Environ. Int 30:883–889

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zinati GM, Li Y, Bryan HH, Mylavarapu RS, Codallo M (2004) Distribution and fractionation of phosphorus, cadmium, nickel, and lead in calcareous soils amended with composts. J Environ Sci Health 1:209–223

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran

    Mohsen Jalali & Narges Hemati

Authors
  1. Mohsen Jalali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Narges Hemati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Jalali.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jalali, M., Hemati, N. Chemical fractionation of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in selected paddy soils of Iran. Paddy Water Environ 11, 299–309 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0320-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-012-0320-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation