Abstract
Agroforestry plays an important role in food security, sustainable development and biodiversity conservation. For understanding the role of agroforestry on biodiversity, a study was undertaken to access butterfly diversity in coffee, cashew and guava plantations in Eastern Ghats of southern Odisha during February–April 2016. A total of 1075 individuals of butterflies belonging to 60 species and 46 genera under five families were recorded during the study. Species richness (S) as well as Shannon diversity (H) were found to be higher in coffee (S = 45, H = 3.051) plantation, followed by cashew (S = 31, H = 2.807) and guava (S = 20, H = 2.519). However, though butterfly abundance was found to be maximum in coffee (43%), it was higher in guava (33%) followed by cashew (24%). Also, a significant difference was observed between butterfly abundance among three plantations. This shows coffee plantation was the best habitat for butterflies among the three agroforestry habitats studied. The reason for this was habitat heterogeneity in coffee plantation supporting maximum exclusive butterfly species and was least-human influenced with close canopy forest. Over all, family Nymphalidae was found to be the most abundant, and Lycaenidae was the least abundant. The findings of the present study are promising and may set new directions for management of agroforestry plantations in the region to support a rich biodiversity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agarwal I, Datta-Roy A, Bauer AM, Giri VB (2012) Rediscovery of Geckoella jeyporensis (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with notes on morphology, coloration and habitat. Hamadryad 36(1):17–24
Agarwal I, Wilkinson M, Mohapatra PP, Dutta SK, Giri VB, Gower DJ (2013) The first teresomatan caecilian (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) from the Eastern Ghats of India—a new species of Gegeneophis Peters, 1880. Zootaxa 3696(4):534–546
Atluri JB, Chinna Rao K, Sandhya Deepika D, Bhupathirayalu M (2011) Butterfly species richness and seasonality in the Anacardium Plantation. The Ecoscan 6(2):249–254
Aviron S, Jeanneret P, Schüpbach B, Herzog F (2007) Effects of agri-environmental measures, site and landscape conditions on butterfly diversity of Swiss Grassland. Agric Ecosyst Environ 122(3):295–304
Bennett AF (2003) Linkages in the landscape: the role of corridors and connectivity in wildlife conservation. IUCN, Gland
Bhagwat SA, Willis KJ, Birks HJB, Whittaker RJ (2008) Agroforestry: a refuge for tropical biodiversity? Trends Ecol Evol 23:261–267
Bobo KS, Waltert M, Sainge NM, Njokagbor J, Fermon H, Muhlenberg M (2006) From forest to farmland: species richness patterns of trees and understorey plants along a gradient of forest conversion in southwestern Cameroon. Biodivers Conserv 15:4097–4117
Champion HG, Seth SK (1968) A revised survey of forest types of India. Govt. of India Press, New Delhi
Colwell RK (2016) EstimateS: statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples, Version 9.0.1. User’s guide and application published. http://viceroy.eeb.uconn.edu/estimates/EstimateSPages/EstSUsersGuide/EstimateSUsersGuide.htm
Debata S, Palei HS, Mohapatra PP, Palita SK (2015) Additional records of Cantor’s Leaf-Nosed Bat Hipposideros galeritus Cantor, 1846 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) in eastern India: Odisha. J Threat Taxa 7(8):7477–7479. https://doi.org/10.11609/JoTT.o4247.7477-9
Debata S, Palita SK, Nayak AK (2017) Lesser False Vampire—additional record of the Lesser False Vampire from Odisha, India. Zoos’ Print J XXXII 1:21–25
Dolia J, Devy MS, Aravind NA, Kumar A (2008) Adult butterfly communities in coffee plantations around a protected area in the Western Ghats, India. Anim Conserv 11(1):26–34
Dunning JB, Danielson BJ, Pulliam HR (1992) Ecological processes that affect populations in complex landscapes. Oikos 65(1):169–175
Erhardt A (1985) Diurnal Lepidoptera: sensitive indicator of cultivated and abandoned Grassland. J Appl Ecol 22(3):849–861
Estrada A, Cammarano P, Coates-Estrada R (2000) Bird species richness in vegetation fences and in strips of residual rain forest vegetation at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Biodivers Conserv 9:1399–1416
Fermon H, Waltert M, Larsen TB, Dall’Asta U, Mühlenberg M (2000) Effects of forest management on diversity and abundance of fruit-feeding nymphalid butterflies in south-eastern Côte d’Ivoire. J Insect Conserv 4:173–189
Fermon H, Waltert M, Vane-Wright RI, Muhlenberg M (2005) Forest use and vertical stratification in fruit-feeding butterflies of Sulawesi, Indonesia: impacts for conservation. Biodivers Conserv 14:333–350
Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB (2007) Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 16:265–280
Francesconi W, Nair PKR, Levey DJ, Daniels J, Cullen L Jr (2013) Butterfly distribution in fragmented landscapes containing agroforestry practices in Southeastern Brazil. Agroforest Syst 87:1321–1338
Gardner TA, Barlow J, Chazdon R, Ewers RM, Harvey CA, Peres CA, Sodhi NS (2009) Prospects for tropical forest biodiversity in a human-modified world. Ecol Lett 12:561–582
Gideon VA, Rufus KC, Vivekraj P (2016) A study on nectar host plants of butterflies of Pachamalai Hills of Eastern Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. Ann Biol Res 7(9):9–12
Gilbert LE (1984) The biology of butterfly communities: the biological butterflies. Academic Press, Landon
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontol Electron 4:19
Hammond PC, Miller JC (1998) Comparison of the biodiversity of Lepidoptera within three forested ecosystems. Ann Entomol Soc Am 91(3):323–328
Harvey CA, Villalobos JAG (2007) Agroforestry systems conserve species-rich but modified assemblages of tropical birds and bats. Biodivers Conserv 16:2257–2292
Harvey CA, Gonzalez J, Somarriba E (2006) Dung beetle and terrestrial mammal diversity in forests, indigenous agroforestry systems and plantain monocultures in Talamanca, Costa Rica. Biodivers Conserv 15:555–585
Harvey CA, Komar O, Chazdon R, Ferguson BG, Finegan B, Griffith DM, Martínez-Ramos M, Morales H, Nigh R, Soto-Pinto L, Breugel MV, Wishnie M (2008) Integrating agricultural landscapes with biodiversity conservation in the Mesoamerican Hotspot. Conserv Biol 22:8–15
Hawes J, Motta CDS, Overal WL, Barlow J, Gardner TA, Peres CA (2009) Diversity and composition of Amazonian moths in primary, secondary and plantation forests. J Trop Ecol 25(3):281–300
Hill JK, Hamer KC (1998) Using species abundance model as indicators of habitat disturbance in tropical forest. J Appl Ecol 35(3):458–460
IUCN (2017) The IUCN red list of threatened species, Version 2017-23. http://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed 20 Sept 2017
Jose S (2009) Agroforestry for ecosystem services and environmental benefits: an overview. Agrofor Syst 76(1):1–10
Kehimkar I (2008) The book of Indian butterflies. Bombay Natural History Society. Oxford University Press, New York
Khan SR, Rastogi N (2015) Impact of mining activity on butterfly diversity and community composition. J Entomol Zool Stud 3(4):178–185
Kremen C (1992) Assessing the indicator properties of species assemblages for natural area monitoring. Ecol Appl 2(2):203–217
Kremen C (1994) Biological inventory using target taxa: a case study of the butterflies of Madagascar. Ecol Appl 4(3):407–422
Kremen C, Colwell RK, Erwin TC, Murphy DD, Noss RF, Sanjayan MA (1993) Terrestrial arthropod assemblages: their use in conservation planning. Conserv Biol 7(4):796–808
Krishnankutty N, Chandrasekaran S, Jeyakumar G (2006) Evaluation of disturbance in a tropical dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill (Eastern Ghats), South India. Trop Ecol 47(1):47–55
Kumar K, Soumendra, Giri Rao Y (2006) Livelihoods, security and conflict—Orissa, India. In: Patricia M (eds), Resource rights, sustainable livelihoods, environmental security and conflict mitigation in South Asia. IUCN, Asia Regional Office, Bangkok; IUCN, USA Multilateral Office, Washington, DC, US
Kunte K (2000) Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press and Bengaluru/Indian Academy of Sciences, Hyderabad
Magurran AE (2004) Measuring biological diversity. Wiley/Blackwell, NJ
Majumdar N (1988) On a collection of birds from Koraput district, Orissa, India. Rec. Zoological Survey of India, Miscellaneous Publication Occasional Paper 108, pp 1–56
May RM, Stumpf MPH (2000) Species-area relations in tropical forests. Science 290:2084
McAleece N, Gage JDG, Lambshead PJD, Paterson GLJ (1997) BioDiversity professional statistics analysis software. Jointly developed by the Scottish Association for Marine Science and the Natural History Museum, London
Misra MK, Das PK, Dash SS (2009) Phytodiversity and useful plants of eastern Ghats India (A special reference to the Koraput region). International Book Distributors, Dehra Dun
Misra MK, Panda A, Sahu D (2012) Survey of useful wetland plants of South Odisha, India. Indian J Tradit Knowl 11(4):658–666
Mohapatra PP, Dash PK, Mishra SN (2009) Biodiversity assessment in some selected Hill Forests of South Orissa, India. Downloaded from www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/reports-documents/biodiversity-assessment-some-selected-hill-forests-south-orissa-india. Downloaded on 25 Jan 2016
Mohapatra PP, Schulz K, Helfenberger N, Hofmann S, Dutta SK (2016) A Contribution to the Indian Trinket Snake, Coelognathus helena (Daudin, 1803), with the description of a new subspecies. Prussian J Herpet 23(2):115–144
Morris RJ (2010) Anthropogenic impacts on tropical forest biodiversity: a network structure and ecosystem functioning perspective. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:3709–3718
Murphy DD, Freas KE, Weiss SB (1990) An environment-metapopulation approach to population viability analysis for a threatened invertebrate. Conserv Biol 4(1):41–51
Navarro-Martínez A, Palmas S, Ellis EA, IBlanco-Reyes P, Vargas-Godínez C, Iuit-Jiménez AC, Hernández-Gómez IU, Ellis P, Álvarez-Ugalde A, Carrera-Quirino YG, Armenta-Montero S, Putz FE (2017) Remnant trees in enrichment planted gaps in Quintana Roo, Mexico: reasons for retention and effects on seedlings. Forests 8:1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/f8080272
New TR (1997) Are Lepidoptera an effective ‘umbrella group’ for biodiversity conservation? J Insect Conserv 1(1):5–12
Nganso BT, Kyerematen R, Obeng-Ofor D (2012) Diversity and abundance of butterfly species in the Abiriw and Odumante sacred groves in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Res Zool 2(5):38–46. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.zoology.20120205.01
Oduro W, Aduse-Poku K (2005) Preliminary assessment of fruit-feeding butterfly communities in the Owebi Wildlife Sanctuary. Ghana J. Forestry 17 & 18:9–19
Palita SK, Jena S, Debata S (2016) Odonate diversity along different habitats of Koraput, Odisha, India. J Entomol Zool Stud 4(3):40–47
Perfecto I, Vandermeer J, Mas A, Pinto LS (2005) Biodiversity, yield, and Shade Coffee certification. Ecol Econ 54:435–446
Philpott SM, Arendt WJ, Armbrecht I, Bicier P, Diestch TV, Gordon C, Greenberg R, Perfecto I, Reynoso-Santos R, Soto-Pinto L, Tejeda-Cruz C, Williams-Linera G, Valenzuela J, Zolotoff M (2008) Biodiversity loss in Latin American coffee landscapes: review of the evidence on ants, birds, and trees. Conserv Biol 22(5):1093–1105
Pollard E, Yates TJ (1993) Monitoring butterflies for ecology and conservation. Chapman and Hall, London
Ponraman G, Dinakaran S, Anbalagan S, Balachandran C (2015) Diversity and distributional pattern of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidae) in stream corridors of Southern Eastern Ghats. Int J Environ Biol 5(3):53–56
Prasanna Kumar V, Reddy PH, Venkata Ramana SP (2011) Climate effects and habitat destruction on butterfly diversity in the Eastern Ghats of southern Andhra Pradesh. Ecoscan Spec Issue 1:139–143
Purvis A, Hector A (2000) Getting the measure of biodiversity. Nature 405:212–219
Rands MRW, Sotherton NW (1986) Pesticide use on cereal crops and changes in the abundance of butterflies on Arable Farmland in England. Biol Cons 36(1):71–82
Reddy CS, Jha CS, Dadhwal VK (2012) Assessment and monitoring of long-term forest cover changes in Odisha, India using remote sensing and GIS. Environ Monit Assess. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-012-2877-5
Remini L, Moulaï R (2015) Diversity and structure of butterfly populations in agro ecosystems of Mitidja (Algeria). Zool Ecol 25:355–364
Scales BR, Marsden SJ (2008) Biodiversity in small-scale tropical agroforest: a review of species richness and abundance shifts and the factors influencing them. Environ Conserv 35(2):160–172
Schroth G, da Fonseca GAB, Harvey CA, Gascon C, Vasconcelos HL, Izac AMN (2004) Agroforestry and biodiversity conservation in tropical landscapes. Island Press, Washington, DC
Schulze CH, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tscharntke T (2004) Effects of land use on butterfly communities at the ran forest margin: a case study from Central Sulawesi. In: Gerold G, Fremerey M, Guhardja E (eds) Land use, nature conservation and the stability of rainforest margins in Southeast Asia. Springer, Berlin, pp 281–297
Théodore Munyuli MB (2012) Butterfly diversity from Farmlands of Central Uganda. Psyche 2012:1–23
Théodore Munyuli MB (2013) Drivers of species richness and abundance of butterflies in coffee–banana agroforests in Uganda. Int J Biodivers Sci Ecosyst Serv Manag 9(4):298–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/21513732.2012.709539
Van Swaay CAM, Brereton T, Kirkland P, Warren MS (2012) Manual for butterfly monitoring. Report VS2012.010. De Vlinderstichting/Dutch Butterfly Conservation, Butterfly Conservation UK & Butterfly Conservation Europe, Wageningen
Vasconcelos S, Rodrigues P, Palma L, Mendes LF, Palminha A, Catarino L, Beja P (2015) Through the eye of a butterfly: assessing biodiversity impacts of cashew expansion in West Africa. Biol Cons 191:779–786
Waltert M, Mardiastuti A, Mühlenberg M (2004) Effects of land use on bird species richness in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Conserv Biol 18:1339–1346
Wezel A, Bender S (2003) Plant species diversity of Homegardens of Cuba and its significance for household food supply. Agrofor Syst 57:37–47
Whitmore TC (1998) An introduction to tropical rain forests. Oxford University Press, Oxford
Wood B, Gillman MP (1998) The effects of disturbance on Forest butterflies using two methods of sampling in Trinidad. Biodivers Conserv 7(5):597–616
Wynter-Blyth MA (1957) Butterflies of Indian region. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to University Grant Commission, New Delhi, for providing NON-NET fellowship to the first author (Reference No: CUO/ACA/NNF-PHD/135). We are also thankful to the Senior Liaison Officer, Coffee Board, Koraput and Koraput Forest Division, Koraput for necessary support to carry out our study. Special thanks to the Editor and reviewers for their valuable suggestions in improvising the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mahata, A., Samal, K.T. & Palita, S.K. Butterfly diversity in agroforestry plantations of Eastern Ghats of southern Odisha, India. Agroforest Syst 93, 1423–1438 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0258-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0258-y