Skip to main content
Log in

Banzhaf Measures for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output

  • Published:
Annals of Operations Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An axiomatic characterization of ‘a Banzhaf score’ notion is provided for a class of games called (j,k) simple games with a numeric measure associated to the output set, i.e., games with n players, j ordered qualitative alternatives in the input level and k possible ordered quantitative alternatives in the output. Three Banzhaf measures are also introduced which can be used to determine a player's ‘a priori’ value in such a game. We illustrate by means of several real world examples how to compute these measures.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Albizuri, M.J. and J.M. Zarzuelo. (2000). “Coalitional Values for Cooperative Games with r Alternatives.” TOP 8, 1–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Amer, R., F. Carreras, and A. Magaña. (1998). “The Banzhaf-Coleman Index for Games with r Alternatives.” Optimization 44, 175–198.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banzhaf, J.F., III (1965). “Weighted Voting Doesn't Work: A Mathematical Analysis.” Rutgers Law Review 19, 317–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, E.M. (1986). “Power Indices for Multicandidate Voting Games.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 14, 175–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, E.M. (1993). “A Value for Games with n Players and r Alternatives.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 22, 319–334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, E.M. (2000). “A Consistent Value for Games with n Players and r Alternatives.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 29, 93–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolger, E.M. (2002). “Characterizations of Two Power Indices for Voting Games with r Alternatives.” Social Choice Welfare 19, 709–721.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Braham, M. and M.J. Holler. (2003). “The Impossibility of a Preference-Based Power Index.” Sozialökonomisches Seminar der Universität Hamburg: Beitäge zur Wirtschaftsforschung (Discusion Paper), No. 130.

  • Braham, M. and F. Steffen. (2002). “Voting Power in Games with Abstentions.” In: M.J. Holler et al. (eds.), Power and Fairness, Jahrbuch für NeuePolitische Ökonomie, vol. 20; Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, pp. 333–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J.S. (1971). “Control of Collectivities and the Power of a Collectivity to Act.” In B. Lieberman (ed.), Social Choice, New York: Gordon and Breach.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, P. (1975). “On the Uniqueness of the Shapley Value.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 4, 131–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dubey, P. and Ll. S. Shapley. (1979). “Mathematical Properties of the Banzhaf Index.” Mathematics of Operation Research 4, 99–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (1997). “Ternary Voting Games.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 26, 335–351.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (2001). “Models and Reality: The Curious Case of the Absent Abstention.” In M.J. Holler and G. Owen (eds.), Power Indices and Coalition Formation, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 297–310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (1998). The Measurement of Voting Power: Theory and Practice, Problems and Paradoxes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishburn, P.C. (1973). The Theory of Social Choice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freixas, J. (2005). “The Shapley-Shubik Power Index for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output.” Decision Support Systems 39, 185–192.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freixas, J. and W.S. Zwicker. (2003). “Weighted Voting, Abstention, and Multiple Levels of Approval.” Social Choice and Welfare 21, 399–431.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, C.R. and T.E.S. Raghavan. (1993). “Shapley Value for Multi-Choice Cooperative Games I.” Games and Economic Behavior 5, 240–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Owen, G. (1975). “Multilinear Extensions and the Banzhaf Value.” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 22, 741–750.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owen, G. (1995). Game Theory, 3rd edn. London: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapley, Ll. S. (1953). “A Value for n-Person Games”, In A.W. Tucker and H.W. Kuhn (eds.), Contributions to the Theory of Games II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 307–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shapley, Ll.S. (1962). “Simple Games: An Outline of the Descriptive Theory.” Behavioral Science 7, 59–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shapley, Ll.S. and M. Shubik. (1954). “A Method for Evaluating the Distribution of Power in a Committee System.” American Political Science Review 48, 787–792.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Den Nouweland, A., S. Tijs, J. Potters, and J.M. Zarzuelo. (1995). “Cores and Related Solutions for Multi-Choice Games.” Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 41, 289–311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Josep Freixas.

Additional information

Research partially supported by Grant BFM 2003-01314 of the Science and Technology Spanish Ministry and the European Regional Development Fund.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Freixas, J. Banzhaf Measures for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output. Ann Oper Res 137, 45–66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-005-2244-9

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-005-2244-9

Keywords

Navigation