Abstract
An axiomatic characterization of ‘a Banzhaf score’ notion is provided for a class of games called (j,k) simple games with a numeric measure associated to the output set, i.e., games with n players, j ordered qualitative alternatives in the input level and k possible ordered quantitative alternatives in the output. Three Banzhaf measures are also introduced which can be used to determine a player's ‘a priori’ value in such a game. We illustrate by means of several real world examples how to compute these measures.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Albizuri, M.J. and J.M. Zarzuelo. (2000). “Coalitional Values for Cooperative Games with r Alternatives.” TOP 8, 1–30.
Amer, R., F. Carreras, and A. Magaña. (1998). “The Banzhaf-Coleman Index for Games with r Alternatives.” Optimization 44, 175–198.
Banzhaf, J.F., III (1965). “Weighted Voting Doesn't Work: A Mathematical Analysis.” Rutgers Law Review 19, 317–343.
Bolger, E.M. (1986). “Power Indices for Multicandidate Voting Games.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 14, 175–186.
Bolger, E.M. (1993). “A Value for Games with n Players and r Alternatives.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 22, 319–334.
Bolger, E.M. (2000). “A Consistent Value for Games with n Players and r Alternatives.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 29, 93–99.
Bolger, E.M. (2002). “Characterizations of Two Power Indices for Voting Games with r Alternatives.” Social Choice Welfare 19, 709–721.
Braham, M. and M.J. Holler. (2003). “The Impossibility of a Preference-Based Power Index.” Sozialökonomisches Seminar der Universität Hamburg: Beitäge zur Wirtschaftsforschung (Discusion Paper), No. 130.
Braham, M. and F. Steffen. (2002). “Voting Power in Games with Abstentions.” In: M.J. Holler et al. (eds.), Power and Fairness, Jahrbuch für NeuePolitische Ökonomie, vol. 20; Tübingen: Mohr-Siebeck, pp. 333–348.
Coleman, J.S. (1971). “Control of Collectivities and the Power of a Collectivity to Act.” In B. Lieberman (ed.), Social Choice, New York: Gordon and Breach.
Dubey, P. (1975). “On the Uniqueness of the Shapley Value.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 4, 131–139.
Dubey, P. and Ll. S. Shapley. (1979). “Mathematical Properties of the Banzhaf Index.” Mathematics of Operation Research 4, 99–131.
Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (1997). “Ternary Voting Games.” Int. Journal of Game Theory 26, 335–351.
Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (2001). “Models and Reality: The Curious Case of the Absent Abstention.” In M.J. Holler and G. Owen (eds.), Power Indices and Coalition Formation, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, pp. 297–310.
Felsenthal, D.S. and M. Machover. (1998). The Measurement of Voting Power: Theory and Practice, Problems and Paradoxes. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Fishburn, P.C. (1973). The Theory of Social Choice. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Freixas, J. (2005). “The Shapley-Shubik Power Index for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output.” Decision Support Systems 39, 185–192.
Freixas, J. and W.S. Zwicker. (2003). “Weighted Voting, Abstention, and Multiple Levels of Approval.” Social Choice and Welfare 21, 399–431.
Hsiao, C.R. and T.E.S. Raghavan. (1993). “Shapley Value for Multi-Choice Cooperative Games I.” Games and Economic Behavior 5, 240–256.
Owen, G. (1975). “Multilinear Extensions and the Banzhaf Value.” Naval Research Logistics Quarterly 22, 741–750.
Owen, G. (1995). Game Theory, 3rd edn. London: Academic Press.
Shapley, Ll. S. (1953). “A Value for n-Person Games”, In A.W. Tucker and H.W. Kuhn (eds.), Contributions to the Theory of Games II, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 307–317.
Shapley, Ll.S. (1962). “Simple Games: An Outline of the Descriptive Theory.” Behavioral Science 7, 59–66.
Shapley, Ll.S. and M. Shubik. (1954). “A Method for Evaluating the Distribution of Power in a Committee System.” American Political Science Review 48, 787–792.
Van Den Nouweland, A., S. Tijs, J. Potters, and J.M. Zarzuelo. (1995). “Cores and Related Solutions for Multi-Choice Games.” Mathematical Methods of Operations Research 41, 289–311.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Research partially supported by Grant BFM 2003-01314 of the Science and Technology Spanish Ministry and the European Regional Development Fund.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Freixas, J. Banzhaf Measures for Games with Several Levels of Approval in the Input and Output. Ann Oper Res 137, 45–66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-005-2244-9
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-005-2244-9